y Entomological News AND PROCEEDINGS OK THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. VOLUME XX, 1909. EDITOR : HENRY SKINNER, M. D. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Associate Editor. ADVISORY COMMITTEE : EZRA T. CRESSON K. T. CRKSSON, JR. J. A. C. K I 1 1 -. PHILIP LAURENT WILLIAM J. FOX II. \\ . V.I PHILADELPHIA : ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS <>K THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. 1909. I \S2 A- \ PRESS OF P. C. STOCKHAUSEN PHILADELPHIA Dec.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. EXCHANQES. Not Exceeding Three Lines Free to Siil>ncril>MN. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Exotic butterflies given in exchange for stamp collection or unused current issue your locality. Geo. Rossiter, 618 Queen E, Toronto, Can. Eggs Would like to buy eggs of Sphingid and Saturnid nu.t'h-, or of any other large moth. Please mention food plants and price. \Villnot pay more than sc. per doz. S. L. Wright. Jr., Bay Head, N. J. Indian and Venezuelan butterflies to exchange for others. De large and showy North American and Mexico. George Rossiter, 618 Queen E, Toronto, Canada. Living pupae and cocoon wanted of the following for cash or ex- change from one to one hundred of each species : A. Inna, ( '. impt-yia- lis, regalis, dictynna,joriilla, Orizaba, splendida. gloveri, calleta Colum- bia, calif ornica, angulifera, C. pandora, any Sphinx, any /' i/io and eggs of any Catocalae. A. F. Porter, Decorah, Iowa. Wanted All kinds of pupae and cocoons from North America and Mexico, either for cash or good exchange. Herman H. Brehme, 74 i ,th Avenue, Newark, N. J. Cocoons S. cynthia to exchange for .5". cecropia, C. promethia. T. polyphemus and other pupae or Lepidoptera in papers. John 11. West, 2229 N. MascherSt., Phila., Pa. Wanted for cash or exchange, 2 female and 2 male A> ff. diana ; must be in perfect condition to be acceptable. I have many specimens in papers to exchange. G. H. Hosenfelt, 3673 S. Broadway, St. Louis, Mo. Saturnidae Have always for exchange ova, cocoons or >t-t imagines of Japan, Africa, Ceylon, India and Malayan Saturnidae as Attains edwardsi, Actias selene, Caligula japonica, sim/a and a new species of Cricula. Wanted live cocoons or ova Central American and Mt-xican Attacus. also luna, Colombia, calleta and shastaensis. Old correspond- ents invited to write. J. Henry Watson, 70 Ashford Road, Withington, Manchester, England. I have for exchange eggs of Catocala cara, vidua, piatri.v, sciniil/ans and, on pins, imagoes of illecta, innubens, robinsoni, ridiia and others. Wish imagoes of Marmorata riduata, junctura, etc. K. R. Rowley, Louisiana, Mo. Dytiscidae wanted bv exchange or purchase Henshaw's m;ml 1236, 1239, 1241, 1260, 1271, 1272, 1307, 131:, 1336, 1337, 1311. '.o'. ' 1373. -37 6 - J 39S. 1407, 1416, 1429, 1450, 1453, MS 6 - I0 7" 'I7i IS 1 -"". ' 1504. John D. Sherman. Jr.. 335A. Decatur St., Brooklyn, : Y. Offered Fine Parn. apolln, df/ius, iii;//-nii>s\nr, .//.". pap/iiii. ./. a-taia, lathonia, Lye. coridon, sciniargnx and other biitu-rilies. \\'.inte 94, 3?6 Entomological Literature ... 139 Entomological Section Chi- cago Acad. Sciences, 140, 192, 335- Entomological Section, A. N. S. Phila..i83, 184, 185, 443, 444 Entomological Society of Western Penna...288, 327. 3 2 8 Errata J 35 Feldman Collecting Social, 45, 142, 143. i 86, 236, 328, 329- 399, 442 First International Entomo- logical Congress 367 (Uierin's Iconographie Regne Animali 396 Hawaiian Entomological So- ciety 364, 365 Heink Entomological Club, 93, 191 James Fletcher Memorial Fund 237 New Jersey faunal map 96 Xewark Entomological Soci- ety, 46, 47, 187, 188, 189, 3'>5. 366, 386. Obituary : Auxer, Samuel 96 Craw, Alexander 48 Edwards, W. H 193 Slingerland, M. V 217 Our Insect Friends and Enemies Pacific Coast Entomological Si riety Personals : Adams, C. F 3-"' Blatchley, W. S 394 r.rues, C. T 273 Calvert. P. P 286, 3<>; Clark, C. A |2 Craw, Alex 42 Engel, H. 75 Ehrhorn, E. M 35 Fletcher, J 7<> TTewit, C. G 3-' r ' Howard, C. \V 287 Kissinger, T. P> 17 C > Kolinsky. J 4-'- 35" Kuhns, D. B 4-' Mengel, L -*7 Morrill, A. W Van Dine, D. L Van Duzee, E. P Viererk, II. L I I -' Plants attacked by insi Ar/ola -'41 \spen '" Aster Baccharis 11 INDEX. Bass wood 13 Black-berry 25 Burr-oak 129 Ceanothus 58 Chinquapin oak 129 Elm 16 Fraxinus 342 Honey-locust 129 Kaffir Corn 116 Linden 16 Magnolia 49 Oak 16, 31 Opuntia 44 Orange 215 Pine 58 Polygonum 59 Raspberry 25 Rubber plant 45 Snowberry 13? Symphiocarpus 137 Walnut 12 Willow 12, 13, 14 Rhode Island Entomological Society 139, 189, 333- 334 Thoracic Tergum of Insects.. 97 ARACHNIDA. coloradcnsis, Thanatus 244 Dicyphus 126 Enidia 126 Falcoeria 126 Hypomma 126 Mite on a Flea 216 munieri*, Misumessus 243 Oribatid fauna, Notes on American 373 Smitheria 126 Ticks on Ground Squirrel 376 COLEOPTERA. aeneus, Malachius 43 algophila*, Atheta 419 Atheta 419 Arizona C. of 44, 144 blaisdclli* Brachycantha 162 Buprestis 45 Calospasta, Revision of.... 19, 23 Chaetocnema 142 Cicindela 143 Collecting by Gaslight 179 confinis, Chaetocnema 143 Cybister 44 Coccinella 161 decora, Buprestis 45 dcnsa*, Silusa 418 dorsalis, Cicindela 143 Donacia 45 fused* Ocalca 424 Georgia, C. of 392 Haliplidae 142 hilaris* Atheta 420 joutcli, Neoclytus 47 lac tula*, Atheta 421 Lebia 43 luna, Tropaea 48 Malachius 43 marginicollis, Lebia 43 Monocrepidius 436 morio, Zophobas 434 Neoclytus 47 neomexicana*, Atheta 422 New Jersey, C. of, 43, 47, 143. 185, 399- nigrita* Atheta 423 North Carolina, C. of 45 Ocalca 424 olivieri, Cybister 44 opaca*, Silusa 418 Penna., C. of 184, 236, 328 piscatrix, Donacia 45 Phytonmus, distribution of... 80 plcuritica, Lebia 43 schivarzi*, Calosposta 23 Scolytidac 45 Silusa 4 y 8 similis, Monocrepidus 436 Southern Pines, N. C, C. of, 252 INDEX. in subpolaris* Atheta 423 tc.vaints, Monocrcpidius .... 436 triangularis, Tropistcrnus . . . 364 Tropaea 4$ ulkci, Mouilcina 44 tiltrainarhia. Buprcstis 45 raiidykei*, Cocchiclla 161 violaceipennis, Colaspoides . . 144 Wood-Boring, C 298 Zoplwpas 434 DIPTERA. albitarsis, Lispa 46 Acdoinyia 387 Aleurodothrips* 229 Allothrips 228 arizomcus*, Systropus 18 aspcrsus. Cryptothrips 249 Asynopta 299 attenuatata*, Asphondylia . . . 300 basalis*, Baliothrips 224 bind*, Dolichopsyllus 195 brevicruralis* Trichothrips . . 227 brimleyi, Chrysops . ... 302 Calliphora 144 catasticta*, Aedoinyia 387 Cecidomyia i Ccratophyllus 107 Chaetotaxy and Anatomical Terms, Glossary of 307 Chrysops 302 Citlcx 425 chrysogona*, Mansonia 386 consanguinea, Lispa 46 Contiiriniti 116 Cryptothrips 229, 249 Dolichopsyllus K)5 Empididae, some habits of... 359 Eiignoristc 142 Eiipeitcnns 106 fasciapcnnis. Allothropis .... 228 Flies and Mosquitoes as Car- riers of Disease 84 Microdon Glossary of Chaetotaxy Heterothrips 1 lops and Flies Lispa Lcptothrips Litcillia Lobodiplosis macula tits*, Phnl<>cothn'ps ... iiitingifcrac*, Asynopta megocephalus, Allothrips microdon Mansonia multidentatus*, Ccmtupliyllus, Mosquitoes and Disease, Bib- liography of Mosquitoes, remedy for New Jersey, D. of 46, occidentalis, Eitgnoristc Odontopsylhts pcrturhans, Citle.v, Concern- ing at Dublin, N. H Phyllothrips Phloeothripidae rhlocothrips polita, Lispa resinicoloides* Cecidomyia . . nttlit'cni*, Scirtothrips sttlicis. Heterothrips San Francisco, Siphonaptera of 5*1 : : 'tothrips sociahilis. Lispa Siphonaptera spiiwsa*, Lobodiplosis Systropus sorghicola, Contarinia Trichothrips tridcntatits*. Tricliolhrips ... irii'ittata, Tipuln Tipitla 383 220 J* ) 144 301 250 2Q9 228 144 107 2O~ 244 400 14-' 241 4-' 5 3" 75 250 I" i 222 22( ' TO 46 ro t8 289 IV INDEX. HEMIPTERA. abruptus*, Platymatopius . . . 165 Aleyrodes 215 arnericana, Chionaspis 355 Aphides no, 119, 255, 280 ballii, Bracliycolus 119 bicolor*, Scaphoideus 166 Callipterus 120 Candida*, Ncocoelidia 166 canicularis, Cicada 43 Chionaspis 355, 356 Cicada 43 compta, Neocoelidia 167 conictts, Ischnodemus 234 di.rianus*, Platymetopius . . . 163 dorsalis* Platymetopius 164 fiabellus, Callipterus 120 greyi* Scphina 232 Ischnodemus 233, 234 Lcpidosaphcs 357 Liotropis 177 majestus*, Platymetopius ... 164 Microparsus 337 -iiwntamts* Thryeocoris 231 Neocoelidia 166, 167 New Jersey, H. of 43 nigriviridis*, Platymetopius . . 163 Ocopeltus 233 Pemphigus 319 pinifoliae, Chionaspis 356 Platymetopius 165 purchella* Neocoelidia 168 reticulata*, Ncocoelidia 167 salicis, Chionaspis 356 Scaphoidcus 166 Scriptus*, Platymetopius 165 Scphina 232 slossoni*, Ischnodemus 233 spcctabilis*, Ocopeltus 233 Thryeocoris 231 tripunctata* Neocoelidia . . 168 ulmi, Lcpidosaphes 357 variabilis*, Micropardus 337 venafuscus*, Pemphigus .... 319 viburnicola*, Aphis 280 vitrinnelluSj Aleyrodes 215 HYMENOPTERA. aciculatus* Andricus 247 Andrcna 126 Anthidiine bees 261 Anthropora 300, 391 Ants' nest, an artificial 113 asperiformis* Astata 371 aureolum* Trypo.vylon 381 banksi* Crabro 147 baiiksii* Sphecodes 416 basirufus Tachytcs 197 birkmanni. Tachytcs 199 boulderensis* Crabro 323 bruneifrons, Pimpla 291 dilectiformis* Crabro 146 burkci* Cryptus 291 calcaratiformis, Tachytcs . . . 204 Carolina* Andrena 126 cockerelli* Lyroda 369 cockerelli* Gorytes 371 Coelioxys 9 Crabro ....146, 147, 150, 151, 152 Cryptus 291 deani* Coelioxys 8 Diadasia 206 dilectiformis* Crabro 146 distolus* Sphecodes 416 ditbitatus* Tachytcs 202 crythropus* Pimpla 291 Euceros 245 fisheri* Helorimorpha 290 florissantcnsis* Crabro 149 Formica. 92 fumipcnnis. Anthophora .... 391 Gorytes . . . ; 371 Halictus 160 Helorimorpha 290 johnsonii* Sphecodes 122 lactcipcnnis* Crabro 150 lucidum* Rhopalum 324 Lyroda 369 INDEX. v macfarlandi* SpJiecodcs 292 mandibularis, Osinia 363 Mimesa 324 ininyra*, Prosopis 413 iniocenicKS* Halictits 160 inycrsiana* Mi mesa . 324 \\-\v Jersey, II. of 43 nebroscensis* Anthophora ... 390 nitidifrons, Diadasia 206 nodulosus* Rlwdltcs 247 Xofogonia 370 novomexicana* Coelioxys ... 9 obscuranus* Tachytcs 205 Osinia 122, 363 Pelandrena 160 Pimpla 291 pitlwnns* Sphccodes 122 planocnsc* Trypoxylon 378 ( ropinqitus* Tachytcs 198 Prosopis 413 Psiloglossa 357 rcducta* Pelandrena 160 rclath'um* Trypoxylon 382 Rhoditcs 247 Rhnpahun 324 scntcllaris* Anthophora 391 simplicipes* Psiloglossa 357 soledadensis*, Coelioxys .... 9 spcciosiis, Sphccius 43 Sphecius 43 skinncri, Diadasia 206 Sphccodcs 122, 292, 416 snbscricca. Formica 92 subaequalis*, Notogonia 370 subfrigidum* Trypoxylon ... 378 Tachytcs 197 texanus* Andricns 248 Trypoxyline wasps, Notes on. 377 universitatis* Crabro 152 vierccki* Eiiceros 245 Virginia, bees of 412 zclhts*, Crabro 152 LEPIDOPTERA. Acronycta 47 Aglais 138 ajax, Papilio. Replacement of color in 293 albovenosa, Arisolonchc 46 ale e, Lycaena 93 Arisolonchc 46 alopc, Dilophonota 47 aniyntas. Ere res 182 An Observation on the intelli- gence of Jiinonia 351 Aiiosia 92, 401 antacus, Cocytius 93 arizonensis, Glover ia 47 Arizona, L. of 47 Army worm, black 342 Athena 154 A try tone 264 Attacus 44 backinanni, Libythca 43 benches* Carystus 263 blcnina, Thecla 322 Butterflies and moths for ship- ment 303 California, L. of 62 Callimormus 263 cardui, Pyramcis 93 Carolina, Callosaniia 49 Carystus 263 Catocala 12, 127, 44 cocnia, Jiinonia ... .44, 92, 138, 351 chingachgook* Atrytonc 264 cliiron. Athena 154 Colias 91 Cocytius 93 eynthia, Pliilosatnia 44 Damage in mail _'<)-' daman. Thecla and its vars.. 397 Deilcphila 45 dclau'are Pampliila 43 Dilophonota 47 Dry ope 112 VI INDEX. Dryoperia 112 elides* CaUimomus 263 Ennomos 43- 46 llpagoge 389 cnrythemc Colias 9 1 euterpe, Eurcma 138 Fcntonia 92 fraxini, Catocala 44 Geometrid Notes 352 xillctfci, Mclilaca 137 gloveri, Sainia 44 Hemileuca 44 hiJlii, Hypocala 47 Illinois, L. of 141, 192, 335 ismcri, Pliyciodes 93 labrusque, Pholus 93 Lepidoptera, wood boring.... 58 Limacodidae 141 lincata, Dcilephila 45 lugubris, Thyris 141 maia, Hemileuca 44 m'album, Thccla 43 Mamestra 47 marthcsia, Fcntonia 92 Massachusetts, Butterflies of. 437 massasoit, Pamphila 43 Missouri, L. of 12, 93, 191 neumoegeni, Hemileuca 44 New Hampshire, L. of 95 New Jersey, L. of, 43, 47, 265, 365 Monagria 47 Noctuidae, genitalia of 272 New York, L. of 43 North Carolina, L. of 33 Nonagria 47 odora, Erebus 92 orizaba, Attaciis 44 palamcdes, Papilio 47 parce, Hemeroplancs 93 Pennsylvania, L. of... 75, 327, 328 pegala, Satyrus 57 phylaeus, Pamphila 43 Pickaway Co. Ohio, L. of.... 169 plexippus, Anosia 92 plexippus, Anosia, variation in wing scales 401 Pronuba 112, 179 purpurissata, Mamestra 47 Pyrameis 93 pyrina Zeuzera 46 radcliffci, Aery one ta 47 Rhode Island, L. of 190 rhododcndri* Sesia 82 rubricincta* Scsia 82 Scsia 82 subsignarius, Ennomos. . . .43, 46 sulphureana Epagoge, eggs of, 389 Thomasville, Ga., L. of 153 Tineina, Notes on Chambers species 428 utahcnsis* Scsia 82 urticac, Aglais 138 Valentinia 112 werneri, Catocala 76 NEUROPTERA. Carolina*, Macronema 342 longipollcx*, Neocordulia . . . 410 Macronema 342 Neocordulia 410 New Jersey, Odonata of 183 Notiomyia 342 ornata*, Notiomyia 342 Somatochlora, some correc- tions in 77 The first American Corduline 409 ORTHOPTERA. bermudensis, Paroxya 343 brevipennis, Hosperotettix .. 104 Diapheromcra 212 Georgia, O. of 115 Hesperotctti.v 104 Keeweenaw Bay, Mich., O. of, 155 latcfrons* Orocharis 21 T Literature of 270 Notes on New Jersey O..I38, 142 Oecanthus 25 INDEX. Vll Oecanthns, mating habits.... 274 Orocharis 211 Orthopteran miscegenation... 219 Paroxya 343 quadripunctatus, Occanthits. . . 25 shicnsis, Tenodcra 142 tamaulipensis*, Diaphcromcra. 212 AUTHORS. Abbott, J. F 219 Ainslie, C. N no Allen, Anna 401 Angell, G. W. J 122 Bales. B. R 169 Ball, E. D 163 Banks, N 18, 342, 397 Earth, G. P 92 Beutenmuller, W 82, 247 Bethune, Baker G 7, 182 Biederman, C. R 76 Blaisdell, F. E 331, 332, 333 Braun, A. F 428 Brehme, H. H 265 Brimley, C. S 33 Busck, A 179 Calvert, P. P 409 Caudell, A. N 279 Champlain, A. B 181 Cockerell. T. D. A., 8, 159, 206, 215, 261, 322. Coolidge, K. R., 112, 126, 139, 243, 342. Comstock, J. H 217 Coquillett, D. W 106 Davis, Dora 398 Davis. W. T 138 Dow, R. P., 44, 96, 140, 183, 336 Dury, C 392 Ewing, H. E 373 Faust, C 57 Felt, E. P 279 Fenyes, A 418 Fox, C 10, 107, 196, 216, 241 Franklin, H. J 229 Friday, F. W 288, 327, 328 Frost, C. A 298 Gebhard, P 207 Gerhard, W. J 303 Gerhard, W. P 84 Gibson, A 237 Girault, A. A 355 Gillette, C. P 119, 280 Greene, C. T 289, 302 Greene, G. M., 46, 144, 187, 236, 329, 330, 408, 434, 443- Grossbeck, J. A., 48, 188, 189, 352, 367. Haimbach, F 143 Hayhurst, P 255 Hebard, M 115, 153, 155, 179 Herrick, G. W 116 Hertzog, P. H 245 Hood, J. D 75, 249, 28 Houghton, C. 274 Jenson, J. P 25 Jones, F. M 49, 397 Kearfott, W. D 52 Knab, F 154, 386 Knaus, W 364 Knetzger, A 93, 192 Kuhns, D. B 365 Kwiat, A 142, 192, 336 Lovell, J. H 122, 412 McAttee, W. L 359 Manee, A. H 252 Minot, C. R 437 Newcomb, \Y. W 293, 302 Nunenmacher, V. W 161 Osborn, H 177 Patch, E. M 319, 337 Place, W., 92, 139, 190, 191, 334, 335- Rehn, J. A. G., 104, 211, 212, 343 Rowher, S. A., 145, 197, 323, 357, 369, 377- Rowley, R. R 12, 127 Schaeffer, C 436 Vlll INDEX. Schrader, W 351 Shull, A. F 220 Skinner, H., 42, 90, 137, 178, 184, 185, 1 86, 234, 240, 286, 326, 362, 395, 435, 441, 444 Smith, J. B 272,425 Snodgrass, R. E 97 Swenk, M. H 390 Swinton, A. H 437 Tucker, E. S 294 Van Duzee, E. P 231 Verrall, G. H 346 Viereck, H. L 126, 290 Walton, W. R 307, 33 Webster, R. L 80, 389 Wellman, F. C 19, 376 Weeks, A. G 263 Wherry, W. B 376 Williams, F. X i, 58, 62 Williamson, E. B 76 Winn, A. F 138 Wood, W. C 345 Jf JANUARY, 1909. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XX. No. 1. THIS SPACE AWAITS A CLAIMANT EDITOR : HENRY SKINNER, M. D. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Associate Editor. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: EZRA T. CRESSON. HENRY L. VIFRECK. J. A. G. REHN. PHILIP LAURENT. WILLIAM J. FOX. H. W. WENZEL. PHILADELPHIA: ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,/ LOGAN SQUARE. I J A l> Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the Entomo- logical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.OO IN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada, $1.20. SINGLE COPIES 15 CENTS Advertising Rates : 30 cents per square inch, single insertion ; a liberal discount on longer insertions. No advertisement taken for less than 60 cents Cash in advance. All remittances should be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy of Natural Sciences, 19th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. The Celebrated Original Dust and Pest-Proof METAL CASES FOR SCHMITT BOXES Described in "ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS," page 177, Vol. XV MANUFACTURED AND FOR SALE BY BROCK BROS,, Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. Living Actias artemis pupa (cocoons], healthy and strong. Larva eats walnut and is easily cared for. The beautiful moth emerges in May. $1.25 per specimen, ten specimens $11. Sent packed as registered sample, by mail 200. extra. Dr. O. Meyer, Bokemahl 4, Hannover, Germany. KEEP YOUR EYE ON THIS SPACE Each month for Scarce Entomological Literature Published by the AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Now nearly out of print 'TWILL BE YOUR LAST CHANCE When Writing Please Mention "Entomological News." ENT. NKWS, VOL. XX. Plate I. WILLIAMS ON CECIDOMYIA RESINICOLOIDES N. SP. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. XX. JANUARY, 1909. No. i. CONTENTS: Williams The Montery Pine Resin Midge- Cecidomyia resinicoloides I Cockerel! Some new bees of the genus Coelioxys 8 Fox A report on the species of the Siphonaptera found within , the boundaries of the City and County of San Francisco, Cal 10 Rowley Notes on the study of some Catocalae 12 Banks A new species of Systropus (Bombylidae) 18 i Well man A Revision of the genus Ca- lospasta Lee 19 Jensen Observations on the Oviposi- tion of Oecanthus quadripunctatis Beutenmuller 25 Hood Two new No. American Phloe- othripidae 28 Brimley List of Moths observed at Raleigh, N. Carolina 33 Fditorial 42 Doings of Societies 43 Obituary Alexander Craw 48 The Montery Pine Resin Midge Cecidomyia resinicoloides n. sp. By FRANCIS X. WILLIAMS. (Plate I) This paper was written in the Entomological laboratory of Stanford University, and represents the biological* results of nearly a year's study of a new species of Cecidomyia, whose larva inhabits the resinous exudations of the Monterey pine (P. radiata) growing about the University. f As little study has been made of pitch-inhabiting midges, living as they do under such peculiar conditions, the writer has endeavored to clear up as far as possible some of those points in the life-history of this insect, which in other species were doubtful or not fully brought out. Our only described species of Cecidomyia comparable to the Monterey pine resin midge in general habits is C. (Diplosis) rcsinicola O. S. (9). Brief notes are given on the habits of the same. Comstock in his report for 1879 (2) gives a some- * The anatomy which has been worked out by me is reserved for another paper. t Later (June, 1908) I observed this insect in small numbers in the Monterey pine forests at Carmel, Monterey Co., Cal. 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. what longer account of its life-history, and Eckel (3) gives it still more in detail. Felt (5) in an article on this species compiles largely from the last writer. Aside from a few notes by other writers, this is the extent of the literature relating to his eastern midge. The Californian species recently found inhabiting the resin- ous exudations of the Monterey pine is somewhat larger than its eastern cogener, and differs from it in other respects, both in the larval and imaginal stage. I place this new species in the genus Cecidomyia, adopting the .generic distribution of Kertesz, which Aldrich uses in his "Catalogue of North Amer- ican Diptera" (1905). Gecidomyia resinicoloides n. sp. Male. Length of body 4 mm., alar expanse 9-10 mm. Antennae 2 plus 24 jointed, not much shorter than body, of dark color except scapus, which has grayish-red tinge; flagellum with small subglobular joints alternating with double subcylindrical ones; pedicels between the joints about equal to the diameter of the shorter joints, somewhat longer towards the end of the antennae; joints verticillate, the length of the hairs of the verticils much longer than the shorter joints, and the longer ones slightly longer than the double joints; end of flagellum recurved dorsally almost into a circle. Female. Length of body 5.5 mm., alar expanse n mm. Antennas 2 plus 12 jointed, less than half as long as body, joints of flagellum sub- cylindrical, more than twice as long as broad, the basal ones longest; pedicels short, the hairs clothing the antennae are slightly shorter than each single joint, with here and there one fully as long. Antennae slightly upcurved. The black eyes in both sexes confluent above, oc- cupying the whole surface of the head except a space around and below the antennae and a portion of the occiput, which parts are brownish red. Some recurved blackish hairs arising from occiput, also a small bunch on frons below antennae. Ground color of thorax grayish with slight brown or reddish-brown tinge (varying in intensity according to age) with the base of the wings and the sutures reddish, which color predominates generally in freshly emerged specimens, darkest on the dorsum with sparse bristly black hair, a row of which runs along a blackish stripe on each side of the median line of the scutellum, con- verging slightly posteriorly and then diverging and becoming more ob- scure. Viewed in another light this line is broken into an anterior and a posterior stripe and a short posterior median band. The light con- trasting ground color brings out an apparent yellowish-gray stripe on Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 3 either side of the black dash, especially prominent outwardly. The pale hairs viewed against the body appear blackish. Abdomen reddish, somewhat darker on dorsum, in the female covered with coarse grayish or darker hairs with a few longer dorsal and ventral ones on the pos- terior part of each segment. Hairs proportionally longer and pale in the male, with a few longer dark ones on dorsum and venter as in female. Genitals pale ; feet pale brownish, gray at base becoming black- ish distally, with pale gray appressed pubescence; some longer and darker hairs on underside of femora. Halteres pale yellowish brown at base, darker reddish brown distally. Wings appearing smoky black owing to the numerous dark hairs covering them, fringes long and grayish ; second longitudinal vein arcuate in its latter portion and end- ing immediately beyond apex. Described from several fresh males and females taken in the Stanford Arboretum, and now in the Stanford University Entomological collection. Egg .60 mm. long, elongate rounded at both ends, about three and one half times as long as wide, bright orange. Mature larva About 10 mm. long (but capable of much greater ex- tension and contraction), width 2 mm.; fusiform, tapering more gradu- ally caudad, somewhat wider than deep. Color bright orange, the stomach showing as dark brown and the Malpighian tubules as deep orange. 14 segments including the head which is very small, and which together with the supernumerary segment is often partially with- drawn into the following segment; segments 6 and 7 widest, n quite slender and appearing compound, 12 small, below n and deeply cleft. Breastbone elongate and varying considerably in form, somewhat in- cised anteriorly. Two large anal spiracles, and lateral ones on seg- ments i and 4 10. Long transverse dorsal and ventral patches of short bristles, best developed anteriorly where they point caudad, posterior spines point cephalad. These bristles are no doubt used to assist in locomotion. Pupa Length 5 mm.; stout, orange red; thorax and appendages (with the exception of their free ends which are pale translucent with an orange tinge) darker ; legs reaching nearly to end of 6th abdominal segment and free beyond the 2nd. A slender, curved yellowish-brown breathing tube behind each eye, with a rough, dusky, pointed cocoon- breaker at the base of each antenna at the angle formed by the vertex and frons. Thorax smooth and shining; abdomen duller and rougher; spiracles reduced. LIFE HISTORY. Owing to the unusually mild spring weather of 1908, Ccci- domyia resinicoloides was probably on the wing- somewhat earlier than usual. The first adult observed was on March 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. i6th, which specimen, however, was bred in the warm labora- tory. March igth a specimen was taken resting on the trunk of a Monterey pine growing in the Stanford Arboretum, and a day later several of the midges emerged indoors. Early in April adults were plentiful, and one female was observed prob- ing about rapidly with her long, slender ovipositor on a hard, dry resin nodule. No eggs were found here, however, but on the same day a few soft, oblong, orange-colored eggs were discovered in a fissure at the base of a rather soft, whitish lump of resin, which harbored a colony of resinicoloides pupae, Late in May a short search revealed numerous extruded pupal shells, no adults and but few eggs. No search was made for larvae in summer, but in September, 1907, many well-grown ones, scarcely smaller than mature larvae of spring, were found. It is quite likely that the insect is single-brooded, spending the greater portion of its life in the larval state. As with C. resinicola of the Eastern United States, our west- ern resin midge has gregarious habits, the larvae numbering from a very few to more than fifty in the same nodule, which is always soft so long as the insects are feeding. Colonies of resinicoloides larvae were most commonly found in masses of pitch which exuded from places where limbs had been sawed off at the trunk, the bark closing around such wounds, fre- quently forming hollows where much resin accumulated, and thus furnished an ideal place for a colony of these insects. Smaller colonies were found in cracks in the branches filled with resin, and in small resinous globules on twigs. In no case did it seem probable that the larvae were the primary cause of the resinous exudation. Besides occurring on Mon- terey pine, a small colony of these larvae were discovered in a lump of resin on a Pinus muricata ( ?) growing in the Stan- ford Arboretum. Several experiments were made with resinicoloides larvae to ascertain if possible whether they could make a prolonged stay completely buried in the resinous mass. Whenever larvae were covered with semi-liquid resin they worked they way to the surface if the resin had not become too hard, and brought Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 5 their anal spiracles to the surface of the mass. This was usually done within twenty- four hours, and those larvae, unable to work their way to the surface, eventually perished. Sev- eral mounted in Canada balsam lived in that medium for over a week, but their anal spiracles were exposed at the edge of the coverglass. It is evident that the larva must come to the surface for air, though this may be only at long intervals. It was difficult to observe the way in which the larva gets its air supply under natural conditions, owing to the opaqueness of the resin, but investigation showed that the insect always had its anal spiracles towards the surface of the nodule, at times in a hollow in the pitchy mass, and in other cases so deeply submerged in the medium that it seemed doubtful if the insect could extrude its terminal spiracles. A rule apparently quite constant was that soft resin harbored large larvae, while in the harder, often discolored medium these insects were short- ened and of a reddish color, as if preparing for pupation. A lump of soft resin if hardened would always stunt the larvae within. These would often pupate, but without forming a cocoon. Pupation does not occur until spring, and is probably de- pendent upon temperature. During winter many larvae formed pupal chambers and lay therein as abbreviated reddish prepupae. A note dated January i8th, 1908, states that fresh, soft resin harbored feeding larvae, while hard, crusted resin contained larvae in their pupal chambers, the latter being the more numerous. Another note of January i/th states that many larvae were observed still feeding, and that the shortened ones are to be found in the harder gum, reddened perhaps by excrement. Before transforming the larva makes a cocoon of thin papery consistency, a good deal longer than the prospective pupa and with one end bulging from the resinous mass as a cap. A number of cocoons may be found in close proximity, so that their walls touch. In such cases they resemble some- what the miniature comb of a social wasp. Whether the cocoon is spun by the larva was not determined ; I am inclined 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. to believe that it is, since the cocoon is not of the same con- sistency as the surrounding medium, having a more papery texture. A few strands of silk-like structure are sometimes found about the pupal chambers. It is evident that the resin- ous cap is formed by the larva pressing the resin outwardly with its anterior part, possibly using the "sternal spatula" for the purpose. On March nth the first pupae were found, but there were still a few feeding larvae, the great majority, however, being in pupal chambers. These latter do not pupate immediately (except perhaps the late-maturing ones), but hibernate for some time before transforming. When the insect is near pupation the thoracic segments become differentiated from the following segments by contracting into a smooth cone, the inter-segmental grooves disappearing and the appendages be- coming visible under the skin as alternate darker and paler portions, and the two extremities of the forming pupa separate from the enveloping exuvium. The process of shedding this exuvium was not observed ; several pupae, however, were ex- amined as they lay in their cells, and the larval skin was found clinging to the last two or three segments ; other pupae were found to have the larval skin wholly removed, the spatula and head skeleton remaining with the cast exuvium. The pupa is quite active, reminding one somewhat of that of a lepidopterous insect. As the midge develops the anterior portion of the pupa darkens, especially about the head, and at the proper time (two or three weeks) is extruded through the cocoon cap and the fly issues from its shell. The adults emerged mostly in April and early May, and were found to be more sluggish than Cecidomyia (D.~) pini-radiatae . A great diversity of habits exists among the various pine midges, and the making synonymous of forms of widely differ- ent habits seems to me open to question. C. resinicola as we have seen has habits quite similar to C. resinicoloides, its western representative, but C. pini-inopis, considered synonymous with resinicola, attacks the needles of P. inopis and pupates in a resinous cocoon on a needle. Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 7 C. pini-radiatae lives at the base of the needles of Monterey pine, which become stunted and swollen as a result of its attacks, and pupates within the fascicle. This refers to C. pini-radiatae about Stanford Uni- versity, for in Golden Gate Park, in San Francisco, apparently the same species produces no swelling of the pine needles (which, however, turn yellow), while the pupa of the latter is enclosed in a resinous cocoon which is often fastened exter- nally to the scales at the base of the needles. The fact that the Golden Gate Park C. pini-radiatae neither stunt nor swell the needles was discovered by Snow (n). On the European pines are found several species of midges with habits corre- sponding to those of our North American Cecidomyidae. Much interesting work remains to be done with these insects. C. rcsinicoloides was found to be singularly free from para- sites, as but two examples of a chalcid fly (which is evidently the Syntasis diplosidis that preys upon C. resinicola} were ob- tained from the many larvae and pupae reared to maturity. BIBLIOGRAPHY, i. ALDRICH, J. M. (1905). Catalogue of N. A. Diptera, pp. 151-152, 160. 2. COMSTOCK, J. H. (1879). Diplosis resinicola, (Rep. Dept. Agric., 1879, p. 256). 3. ECKEL, L. S. (1903). The Resin-Gnat Diplosis and Three of its Parasites (Ent. News, XVI, pp. 279- 284). 4 _ FELT, E. P. (1903). C. pini-rigidae, (N. Y. State Mus., Memoir 8, II, pp. 423-425). 5 FELT, E. P. (1903). C. resinicola, (N. Y. State Mus., Memoir 8, II, 410-413). 6. KERTESZ, C. (1902). Catalogus Diptororum, II, pp. 116- 117. 7. MIK, Jos. (1897). Einiges uber Gallmucken, (Wein. Ent. Zeit. XVI. pp. 290-292). 8. OSTEN SACKEN (1862). On the Habits of the Cecido- myidae (Mon. Dip. N. A., Pt. I, pp. 179-198). 8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '(X). 9 OSTEN SACKEN (1871). Biological Notes on Diptera (D. resinicola, etc.), (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Ill, PP- 345-346). 10. PACKARD, A. S. Diplosis resinicola and Pini rigidae, (5th Rep. U. S. Ent. Com., p. 797 ct seq., 1886- 1890). ii. SNOW, W. A. (1900). The Destructive Diplosis of the Monterey Pine, Ent. News, XI, (389-494). 12. TOWNSEND, C. H. (1893). Notes on some Cecidomyidae of the Vicinity of Wash., D. C., (D. resinicola, etc.), (Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., II, pp. 389-390). EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. Fig. i. Adult, 9. Fig. 2. Pupa. )* all greatly enlarged. Fig. 3. Larva Some new Bees of the genus Coelioxys. By T. D. A. COCKERELL. Coelioxys deani n. sp. $ . Length about 7 mm. ; black, with the tegulae dark brown, and the tarsi obscurely more or less brownish ; wings with the apical margin broadly dusky; nervures piceous, stigma dull reddish. Vertex dullish, with large irregularly-placed punctures ; cheeks with much white hair, and below with a broad shining beveled space ; eyes black, their pubes- cence only moderately long; face covered with white hair; antennae entirely black ; mandibles black ; tongue and labial palpi bright ferrugin- ous ; mesothorax and scutellum shining, with large close punctures ; scutellum with no median projection, its lateral teeth small and curved; anterior border of mesothorax with a practically continuous band of creamy-white scale-like hairs ; posterior lateral corner of mesothorax with patches of white hair, and some in scutello-mesothoracic suture ; spurs ferruginous ; abdomen shining, with strong but well-separated punctures ; hind margins of segments I to 5 with conspicuous narrow white hair bands ; first segment with a weaker band round the edge of the basin ; no other bands, but third and fourth segments with a little hair in the transverse depressions ; fifth segment strongly toothed at sides sixth produced, and with a deep broad groove above, its teeth number six as usual but the upper apical ones are rudimentary. Among Ameri- can species readily distinguished by its very small size, and the pro- duced apical segment, which is longer than broad, if the breadth be counted from the inner bases of the lateral teeth. The apex of the Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 9 fourth ventral segment shows a minute notch. The interval between the apical teeth of abdomen is minutely black-haired. It is evidently related to C. modesta Smith, differing in the small size and the color of the legs. Hob. Boulder, Colorado, July 13, 1908 (Paul M. Dean}. Coelioxys sayi novomexicana n. subsp. 9. Larger, length about iiJ/2 mm.; legs, including the whole of femora and trochanters, bright ferruginous red; tegulae bright red; clypeus strongly notched in the middle. Hob. Las Cruces, New Mexico, June (Cockerell). This is the New Mexico insect hitherto reported as sayi'; it is at least a good subspecies, perhaps a species. Two specimens are before me, bearing numbers 955 and 167. Coelioxys soledadensis n. sp. $ . Length about 10 mm., black, the general surface bare, but the white markings due to pubescence very conspicuous. The face is covered with white hair; mesothorax with the white band in front broadly interrupted ; a conspicuous but short band in scutello-meso- thoracic suture ; mesopleura margined with white ; first three abdominal segments with broad apical bands, but no hair in the transverse depres- sions; first segment white at sides, and part way along the edge of the basin ; fourth segment with a rather weak band in the basal depression, and the apical band very broadly interrupted in the middle ; fifth with a broad basal band, slightly interrupted in the middle, and only minute lateral patches to represent the apical band; sixth with a very broad basal band. Head and thorax strongly and very densely punctured; clypeus broadly and deeply einanjinate in the middle; eyes sage green, with short hair; flagellum dark ferruginous beneath; scutellum with no median process, the lateral spines long and moderately curved ; tegulae dark rufo-fuscous; wings reddish, stigma ferruginous, nervures fuscous; legs reddish-black, the tarsi distinctly reddish; spurs ferruginous; abdomen rather closely punctured; fifth segment with dis- tinct but short lateral spines ; sixth short, with short lateral spines, and four short apical ones, the upper the shortest, the lower broad and subtruncate ; apex of fourth ventral segment with two short dentiform projections. Resembles C. grindeliac Ckll., but has shorter hair on the eyes, differently shaped apical teeth on the abdomen, &c. Hab. Soledad Canon, Organ Mts., New Mexico, at flower No. 38, Aug. 15 (C. H. T. Townsend}. Very likely para- sitic on Megachile soledadensis Ckll., which was taken on the same day at the same place, though at a different flower. In the banding etc., it closely resembles the Megachile. 10 EXTOMOIOf.ICAI. XFWS. [Jan.. Y>O. A Report on the Species of the Siphonaptera found within the Boundaries of the City and County of San Francisco, Cal. BY CARROLL Fox Past Assist. Surgeon. I'. S. P. II. & M. H. S. The following' species of fleas were observed during the ex- amination of some 17.000 specimen? obtained from mammals trapped within the limits of San Francisco. 14. 27^ specimens were examined from Mus : cus, 1842 from man and about i.ooo from other small animals, the names of which will be g on under the host. The Pule.v irritaus seems to be a con- stant parasite of the skunk (Mephitis .\\--.ientalis} as of six specimens of that animal examined the Pnle.r irritans has been found more or less numerous on each one. while no charac- teristic species of flea has been encountered. Genus PULEX Linnaeus. Pules irritans Linnaeus. Hosts: Homo sapiens. Mus ;;/ : ficus, Mus rjttus. Canis familians. Mephitis oceiJentiilis. Genus LOEMOPSYLLA Rothsch. Loemopsylla cheopsis Rothsch. Hosts: Mus i;. :. .~us. Mus mttns, Mus musculus. Genus CERATOPHYLLUS Curtis. Ceratophyllus fasciatus Rose. Hosts: .V 5 veg cus, M:-.s rjtt-.-.s, Mus mitseulus. Twice taken from man. twice from Mephitis cc .:cn- s ..nd once from Tlionwmys bottae. Ceratophyllus acntus Baker. HostiCitettus '.'i. Taken once from mus ;:. veg :ns. Ceratophyllus telchium Rothsch. Host: fiw .'.: " 'tiicus. Ceratophyllus ignotus Baker. Host: Thoii:om\s , Taken once from Scapanus cc fomicus. Jan., '09] r,\TOMor.or;rrAi. NEWS. n Ceratophyllns londoniensis kothsch. Host: Mus rattits. Ceratophyllus niger spec. nov. (Closely related to C. gallinae). JI't: Taken from an unused chicken yard and from spar- row's nests. Occasionally found on Homo sap- iens, Mus norvegicus. Ceratophyllus spec. nov. Host : Mus norvegicus. Ceratophyllns spec. nov. Host : Microtus calif ornic us. Genus CTENOCEPHALDS Kolenati. Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis) Baker. Host: Canis familiar is. Occasionally found on Homo sapiens Mus norvegicus and Mus rattus. Ctenocephalus felis Rothsch. Host: Felis domestica. Occasionally found on Homo sapiens, Mus Norvegicus and once from Mephitis occi- dentalis. Genus HOPLOPSYLLOS Baker. Hoplopsyllus anomalus Baker. Host Citellus beecheyi. Once taken from Mus norvegicus. Genus ODONTOPSYLLUS Baker. Odontopsyllus charlottensis Baker. Host : Microtus calif ornicus. Genus CTENOPSYLLUS Kolenati. Ctenopspllus musculi (Duges) \Vagner. Hosts: Mus norvegicus, Mus rattus, Mus musculus. Once found on Microtus californicus. Genus HYSTRICHOPSYLLA Taschenberg. Hystrichopsylla spec. nov. Host : Microtus Californicus. Genus CORYPSYLLA gen. nov. Corypsylle ornatus spec. nov. Host : Scapanus Californicus. 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. Notes on the study of some Iowa Catocalae. By R. R. ROWLEY, Louisiana, Mo., and L. BERRY, Vinton, Iowa. On the first of June, several well-grown larvae of Catocala parta were found feeding on small-leaf willow by the Junior Author. When changed to a broader leaf species of Salix these caterpillars seemed to experience no inconvenience, but finished their larval life and pupated in due time. The "worm" is very dark brown, with longitudinal bands of lighter and darker brown. The mid-dorsal band of dark gray, forming a series of elliptical and rhomboidal expansions. The subdorsal bands are dark brown and wavy, with light diagonal lines cross- ing at the segment edges. A wide, gray line is below the subdor- sal and a dark brown narrower line below, shaped like a string of elongate lunules. It is somewhat lighter below this band. The ventral side is pale gray, with the characteristic black spots. The true and pro legs are gray. The head, gray with a narrow intensely-black dash on the side. The head is some- what bilobed above and slightly flattened as in caret. There is a hump over the 5th abdominal segment, as in cara, but dark brown in color. The top of the 8th abdominal segment has a cross ridge as in all the red-winged willow Catocalae. The tubercles are gray. The lateral row of setae or short bristles is as in cara and amatrix. The specimen described was two and a fourth inches long. Other larvae were obtained on the 8th. The larva of parta can be readily recognized by its very dark color and cara pattern. One larva of parta taken on June 6th, in color and mark- ings, recalled the caterpillar of innubens, but the band was nar- row and black. The chrysalis of this larva produced on the 8th of July an unusually dark imago. The larvae of not only parta, but of amatrix and piatri.r, were found on the bodies of willow and walnut trees, not bushes, and from four to eight feet above the ground, the two former on willow, of course, and the latter on walnut. The imagoes of parta, like those of amatrix and relicta, were plentiful throughout July, August and September in the Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 13 neighborhood of Vinton ; but, unlike the other two, are wary and difficult to approach, taking wing at the slightest noise. More often, perhaps, than otherwise, the moth sits, head up, and ready to take wing. It may be said to be the rule that Catocalae rest with the head down ; however parta seems to rest often with the head up and relicta always, but not in read- iness of flight in the case of the latter, as it may be easily ap- proached and even touched with the finger, so secure does it seem in its color protection on the light bark of aspen or its re- semblance to a splash of paint or bird ordure, on willow or basswood. The Junior Author's experience with the larvae of piatrix was like that of the Senior Author, all died. It seems that this is a very delicate species as a larva, and it is a little strange that imagoes are so plentiful, yet if one moth should come from every fifty or even one hundred eggs laid, there would be an abundance of piatri.v in the woods, since a single female lays from eight to nine hundred eggs The larvae of part a from Vinton, fed through to pupation at Louisiana, produced chrysalis early in June, at least not be- yond the middle, and gave imagoes from the ist to the I3th of July, making the pupal period about three weeks, the usual length of chrysalis life in the genus. On the 1 8th of July the first larva of Catocaln amatri.r was formed on willow at Vinton, and on the 2/th a much larger one on poplar, measuring three and three-fourths inches. A matrix larva varies in ground color from light to dark gray. The middorsal dumbbell spots, light, inclosed by a dark-gray band. The lateral band below this is light gray. The spiracu- lar band, dark gray and a series of long prostrate V's with the open end toward the head. Below, the body is light. The true and prolegs, light gray with minute dark dots which cover the whole body. The head is very light gray with a lateral black dash extending to the back, but not to the center of the back edge. Head small and with slight elevations or knobs above, as in cara. The top of the 5th abdominal segment, darker either side of a slight central hump as in cara. 14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 'OO,. Tubercles light at end but dark at base. The two tubercles on top of the 8th abdominal segment raised into a slight ridge. The hump over the 5th abdominal segment is gray instead of yellow, as in cara. The lateral row of setae of short but dis- tinct bristles. A yellowish shade covers most of the ventral surface. The ventral spots are intensely black. On the side of the 6th abdominal segment, the lateral dark band of lunules is darkest. Head very small. The full grown larva is unusu- ally broad or flat. The spiracles are almost black. The body bristles are few and very short. In the small, flat head, with its upper short, horn-like projections, the elliptical cross, hump over the 8th and Qth abdominal segments, parta, cara and amatri.v agree, barring the color. The larva found on willow began spinning its cocoon on the 21 st of July and pupated on the 26th. The chrysalis gave an imago of C. amatri.v rar. nurus'on the I5th of August, lacking one day of having been a chrysalis, three weeks. The imago from the larva taken on the 2/th of July was a fine, large nurus and emerged on the 25th of August. Catocala concumbciis is not unusual in the middle part of summer at Vinton, but its larva has thus far escaped us, though willow, its reputed food plant, has been closely searched. A rarer moth, C. ccrogama, and somewhat earlier, has also es- caped us in larval form, despite the fact that linden has been under close observation. Among the rarer forms at Vinton is a Catocala somewhat like pura, but a shade too dark and a species not unlike hcr- mia. If there were enough variation in Catocala nnijiic/a both of these forms might be considered varieties of that species, but unijuga itself is rare at Vinton. To be seen in its beauty, Catocala concumbciis, the daintiest of all the American species, must be bred, since even appar- ently fresh specimens are usually torn or rubbed. Its habits must be somewhat like those of epione, a species so dimcult to get in a perfect condition. We imagine the larva of concumbens is of the cara type, that is if it is a willow feeder. Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 15 C. ultronia and its several varieties are not uncommon at Vinton, while vidua, epione and paleogama are rare. Habilis is the only hickory feeder that is at all plentiful. Of course, cara is abundant. We are not attempting to mention all the species of Catocala that fly at Vinton, only the forms that came under our observation this year. The fauna is likely a full one. The senior author of this article has been puzzled for two or three years over the variation in the larvae of C. piatri.v, un- able to bring to maturity the most striking forms and finding no variation in the imagoes, while we are able to demonstrate, in the case of parta, that the variation in the caterpillars does give variation in the moths. The normal larva has alternate longitudinal bands of lighter and darker color, while the most striking variation has a brownish-gray color, without any stripes except a narrow black dorsal band. The imago from this abnormal larva is distinct enough to be a variety and, probably is. We wonder if the variation in relicta and aina- trix is noticeable in the larvae ! We hope to have a chance to find out. After the moth season had closed, the Junior Author carried the study of Catocalae to the food plants of the various species of the genus and busied herself with searches for ova, and she has been abundantly rewarded. Eggs of cara, amatrix and parta have been found under and between bits of bark from the height of four feet above the base to the very tops of the willow trees. Eggs of ultronia and, perhaps, grynea under the bark of plum, and after much searching, the ova of relicta on the outside of Aspen bark, with no protection against weather or foes unless they are color protected. We were also very successful in securing eggs of the follow- ing species from two males confined in small tin boxes : cara, amatrix, cerogama, relicta, amatrix var. nnrus, relicta var. clara. Neogama is among the walnut feeders at Yinton, and, doubt- doubtless, as delicate a larva as piatrix. Our notes on the resting places and habits of the imagoes l6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. are as follows : parta either high or low, usually head up, much the wariest of Catocalae, hearing well, and taking flight at the snapping of leaves underfoot ; cerogama low on linden, head down ; ilia and its varieties occasionally on linden, oft- ener on oak, very sluggish ; ncogama and palaeogama on white oak and linden, rather low ; Ultronia and its varieties on hickory and linden, rather low; grynea on linden; arnica on oak and linden, retccta on oak, moderately low concumbens on elm and linden, at the very base of the tree : pura ( ?) on linden, both high and low ; relicta on burr oak ; amatrix on linden and elm. Both amatrix and cara are often found about porches, sheds and even on the side of the house. Mr. Dodge says junctnra, like cara, is to be found about sheds. This is probably true of walshi also, while luciana takes ref- uge in holes in the bank, as deserted swallow nests, on the prairies of Nebraska, on the authority of Dodge again. A concumbens was taken on the i6th of August on a very large elm tree, the lower part of which was moss covered. Some bits of the moss were torn off and in one of these places sat the moth hardly distinguishable from the bark. Many good amatrix, cara and concumbens were taken on willow and aspen covered with Ampelopsis along the edge of a slough in an open place. The first relicta were taken August 25th, low on aspen and white oak. After a hot, dry spell of some weeks, it rained on the 28th of August, and after that there were more Catocalae about Vinton than at any time during the summer. Relicta was especially numerous. In addition to the latter, cerogama, habilis, vidua palaeogama, retccta, piatrix, arnica and grynea. Most of these were fresh as if just from chrys- alids. The fresh relicta were always near willow trees. On oak they look like lichens, on aspen they assimilate with the bark. On September 4th several fresh specimens of parta were taken, a month or more after their first appearance. Amatrix was very abundant in September, and specimens were taken on the nth and I2th at the base of burr oak, elm Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 17 and linden, on the underside of leaning lindens and in open- ings of hollow trees. The first unijuga was taken on September 5th. Quite all the species mentioned in this article were abundant from the I3th to the 1 5th of September. The supposed hermia was taken on the i6th of September and at the same time the woods were full of amatrix. The supposed pura were taken not later than August 2d. The last parta was seen on the 3d of October. The egg of Catocala cerogama is small, almost black and smooth looking to the eye. Depressed spherical. Meridian plications small, low, smooth looking. But little flattened on the attachment surface. No well-outlined polar zone, a mere smooth surface without plications. The lateral plications or ridges bifurcate about the equatorial region, but there is no distinct zone there. In the sunlight the color seems to be a dark reddish black. The dark smooth look is the chief char- acteristic. The egg of Catocala relicta of medium size, dark green, with a dark brown narrow equatorial zone. It is a slightly flattened sphere. There are about eighteen meridian striations that fork just above the equatorial zone. Polar region with- our plications and with two slightly ridge-like concentric cir- cumferences. Very fine cross lines or parallels. Slightly flat- tened at attached pole. The egg of Catocala concumbens is of medium size, dark lead color. Eighteen strong meridian plica- tions that bifurcate at the equatorial zone and with further im- planted plications, giving many more than in the eggs of relicta. Depressed spherical. A little concave on attached side. Plications toward the pole strong and with deep depressions between. Free polar zone without ridge-like par- allels or rims. The chief characteristics are the numerous pli- cations in the equatorial zone. The egg of cara is small, dark brown, with almost white hemispherical, faintly red-brown. Eighteen to twenty-two rather strong meridian striations, bifurcating at the narrow equatorial zone. The free polar region is a depression about a slight polar elevation. Flat on the attached surface. l8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. The egg of ilia is large, slightly elliptical in outline, hemi- strong meridian plications, 18 in number. Polar zone a little flattened and with a slight rim, dark and looking like a hole to the naked eye. The plications bifurcate once or twice in the equatorial zone. Flattened on the attached side. The strong white meridian plications and the dark polar zone are the chief characteristics. The egg of ilia is large, slightly elliptical in outline, hemi- spheric, dark brown, with a white equatorial line. Pole slightly tubercular, but the area is without a bounding rim. Meridian plications bifurcate near the equator and plications are im- planted nearer the pole than usual in Catocala eggs. No dis- tinct equatorial zone. Surface of attachment, flat. A new species of Systropus (Bombylidae). BY NATHAN BANKS. Systropus arizonicus n. sp. Face whitish, mouthparts and antennae black, thorax black, a yellow spot over base of each anterior coxa ; a yellow stripe on each upper side from humerus to wings, expanded at each end, and in front with a narrow line passing down the front of thorax ; a triangular yellow spot at posterior base of wings ; and a smaller yellow spot at each posterior corner of the metanotum. Abdomen black at base and at tip, red in middle, the last three segments black above and below ; the black of basal segment extending back on dorsum of next segment as a narrow dorsal line. Wings uniformly blackish, halteres brown. Legs black ; the anterior and middle femora at tip and these tibiae beneath yellowish; the apical fifth of hind femur, extreme base of tibia, and the first tarsal joint yellow. The second joint of the antennae is about as long as the third : the upper branch of third longitudinal vein is angulate near base (not simply curved as in S. macer}. Length. From Palmerlee, Arizona (Biedermann). Four of the Central American species, similis, rogcrsi, ru- fiventris and saUei have the first tarsal joint of hind lees pale as in this species. From all of these 5". arizonicus differs in having the abdomen black at both ends. It is nearer to 5". similis and rogersi, but both of these have the front legs yellow, and similis has a hoary median stripe on thorax, and in neither are the thoracic marks the same as in S. arizonicus. The three species of Karsch have black legs. The reference to these species in the Aldrich Catalogue is wrong; the journal is the Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw. (3) V, 1880. The S. ammophil- oides of Townsend is a very different form. Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. IQ A Revision of the genus Calospasta LeConte. By F. CREIGHTON WELLMAN. The genus Calospasta was founded by Leconte (Class. Col N. Amer., 1862, p. 273) with Epicanta elegans Lee. as type. While obviously related to Tegrodera Lee. and Eupompha Lee. yet the genus would appear to be a good one, bringing together what is, on the whole, a natural little group of species, al- though two forms hitherto included will have to be excluded (vide infra}. The home of the genus seems to be the southern part of North America, especially southern California, though at least one species (sulcifrons Champ.) occurs in Mexico. In looking through the material referred to this genus in the United States National Museum and in the Philadelphia Aca- demy of Natural Sciences some points of interest have come to light which are herewith presented. My arrangement of the material which I have examined is as follows this is not yet proposed as an entirely natural one, but as convenient in comparing the characters of the differ- ent species. Genus GYNAPTERYX Fairm. et Germ. Gynapteryx Fairm. et Germ, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1863, P- 260. Gynapteryx Gemm. et Har., Cat. Col., vii, iS/o, p. 2130. i. Gynapteryx opacus G. Horn. Megetra opaca G. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., II, p. 139, 9 - Calospasta opaca G. Horn, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2, IV, p. 438, $ 9 . $ . General form as in the genus Tetraonyx Latr., entirely black, opaque, head and thorax rather smooth, antennae moniliform, elytra varying from punctate to coarsely scabrous, winged. Length 12 mm. 9 . General form as in the genus Megetra Lee., black, opaque, head slightly punctured on occiput, thorax pentagonal, broader than long, sides obtusely angulate, elytra intricately rugose, apterous. Length 15 mm. There seems to be no doubt but that these forms represent one species, although in the apterous 9 the meso-coxae of course overlap the metasternum while in the winged male they do not. They have been taken together and in copula and I have before me 69 specimens (40 $ 's and 29 2O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '(X). ? 's) which seem to prove conclusively that we are only deal- ing with a remarkable sexual dimorphism. The species fits fairly well in Fairmaire and Germain's genus Gynapter^." to which I have referred it. The only character in which M. opaca G. Horn differs structurally from their diagnosis of Gynapteryx is in having unequal claws, and I am disinclined to propose a new genus on this character (which is easily mis- interpreted) without an examination of the type of Gynapter- yx, the which I would rather expect to show the claws sub- equal, just as we have one species of Calos pasta (C. viridis) with the claws of nearly equal length. Dr. Geo H. Horn, on the occasion of the discovery of the $ $ of "Megetra" opaca by Prof. D. W. Coquillett, discussed the systematic position of his species but apparently was not acquainted with Fairmaire and Germain's genus, as he would certainly have referred to so remarkable a coincidence as a second species with apterous 9 , had he known of it. Horn after examining the $ 's of Co- quillett's collection now before me, placed M. opaca in Le- conte's genus Calospasta. In doing this he remarks regarding his species, as did Fairmaire and Germain five years before re- garding theirs, that such forms mark the transition between the Meloine and Lyttine groups of the family. The only other species of Gynapteryx is flavocinctus Fairm. et Germ., the type of the genus. It can be separated from Horn's species as follows : C?. Nitid, thorax coarsely punctate, elytra black, with yellow markings. flavocinctus. Opaque, thorax almost smooth, elytra entirely black opacus. 9. Head and thorax reticulated, elytra testaceous .... flavocinctus. Head and thorax almost smooth, elytra black opacus. Genus* PLEUROPASTA Wellm., gen. nov. A Calospastac Lee. affinis sed differ t caput inter oculus gib- bosum, vertex valde rotundatus; elytrisque fortiter costatis. $ tarsi antici simplicibus. Species typica Calospasta mirabilis G. Horn. Genus allied to Calospasta Lee. Head with vertex very * TrAepa, costae ; Trcurcrw, orno. Jan., '(X)] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 21 rounded, gibbous between the bases of the antennae; antennae as in Calospasta, very closely jointed, the articulations scarcely visible ; elytra strongly costate somewhat as in Pleuropompha Lee. ; anterior tarsi of $ simple. 2. Pleuropasta mirabilis G. Horn. Calospasta mirabilis G. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1870, p. 121. Pale rufous except the antennae which are lemon yellow with ru- fous markings. Head oval, very rounded at vertex, gibbous between bases of antennae, with a few scattered -punctures. Thorax oval, deeply impressed medianly. Elytra with margins reflexed and with four conspicuous, elevated costae on each elytron ; $ front tarsi simple, but last ventral segment emarginate. Length 9.5 mm. Genus CALOSPASTA Lee. Calospasta Leconte, Class. Col. N. Amer. 1862, p. 273. Calospasta Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1870, p. 92. Calopasta Gemni. et Har., Cat. Col., 1870, p. 2147. I am retaining in this genus twelve species including one that is new. These may be separated as by the following table. Spurs of hind tibiae similar. Spurs of hind tibiae slender and pointed. Face longitudinally impressed. Black, with yellowish red head and humera histrionica. Face not longitudinally impressed. Thorax longitudinally impressed. Color green viridis. Thorax not longitudinally impressed. Head and thorax punctate elcgans. Head and thorax smooth ... perpulchra. Head punctate, thorax smooth decolorata. Spurs of hind tibiae thick and truncate. Black, with yellowish red head and elytra schwarzi. Spurs of hind tibiae dissimilar, the inner slender and pointed, the outer thick and truncate. Face longitudinally impressed. Thorax punctate, with smooth space down middle. . . . sulcifrous. Face not longitudinally impressed. Entirely black. Thorax wider than long fuller!. Thorax longer than wide moesta. Black, with red thorax. Head and thorax punctulate and furnished with hairs, morrisoni. Head and thorax smooth, without hairs .... neuiognathoides. Red, with metallic elytra and venter weuzeli. 22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. 3. Calospasta kistriouica G. Horn, Pr. Am. I'lul. Soc., xxix, 1891, p. 100. Calospasta histrionica Champ., Mem., Soc. Ent. Belg., 1899, p. 169. Black, rather nitid, head and humeri yellowish red; antennae filiform, joints rather closely articulated, head deeply impressed in median line; thorax longer than wide; elytra at base nearly twice as wide as thorax; first three joints of anterior tarsi of $ gibbous and deeply grooved longitudinally and last segment of abdomen slightly notched. Length 10 mm. 4. Calospasta viridis G. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1883, p. 312. Calospasta viridis G. Horn, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., xxix,, 1891, p. 100. Green or bluish green, somewhat nitid, feebly pubescent ; head sparsely punctate; antennae short, filiform with joints closely articulated; thorax not much wider than long, the median line somewhat impressed; elytra rugose ; upper and lower portions of tarsal claws nearly equal ; $ tarsi simple, last ventral segment emarginate. Length 7 mm. 5. Calospasta elegans Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y.. v, p 161. Calospasta elegans G. Horn, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., xxix, 1891, p. 101. Black with bluish tinge to elytra ; head and thorax rather sparsely punctate; antennae filiform, joints rather closely articulated all the joints being longer than wide; a deep impression just above the clypeus; elytra dull blue-black with an irregular yellow vitta on each, starting from humerus, interrupted near apex; anterior $ tarsi somewhat di- lated, especially the first joint, and last ventral segment of abdomen feebly emarginate. Var. humeralis G. Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1870, p. 93, Proc Amer. Phil. Soc. xxix, 1891, p. 101. Elytral vitta reduced to a triangular humeral spot. Length n mm. 6. Calospasta perpulchra G. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent Soc., 1870, p 92. Calospasta perpulchra G. Horn, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. xxix, 1891, p. 101. Dark blue ; head and thorax almost black, coarsely and sparsely punctate, thorax longer than broad; elytra nearly twjce as broad as thorax, with three yellow bands interrupted at the suture; $ tarsi and last ventral segment as in preceding species, elytral coloration va- riable, ranging from almost confluent yellow markings to entirely blue elytra. Length &/> mm. 7. Calospasta decolorata G. Horn, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., iv. 1894, p 437. Calospasta decolorata Champ., Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1899, P- 169. Deep violet ; head irregularly puctate, antennae short compact ; thorax wider than long, coarsely punctate in 9 almost smooth in $ ; elytra at Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 23 base wider than thorax, scabrous, reddish yellow in $ , with oval piceous spot on middle of suture in $ ; last ventral segment of $ notched. Length 8 mm. 8. Calospasta schwarzi Wellm., sp. nov. C. nigra; capite (oculis et oris partibus exceptis} elytrisque flavo- rufis. Caput inter oculus valde canaliculatum. Thorax angustus lati- tudine longior. Scutellum subtiliter rugulosum. Elytra oblonga, rugulo- sa. Pcdes pallido-pubescentes, femora dense punctulata; $ tarsi antici articulis tribus primis gibbosis, longitudinaliter non sulcatis. Long. Corp. 8.5 mm. Lot. elytr. 3 mm. Hab. Panamint Valley, California, ab A. Koebele, Apr., 1891, collecta. Typ. Cat. No. 12,129, U. S. N. M. Black, head (except eyes and mouth parts) and elytra yellowish red. Head almost smooth, very sparsely and feebly punctulate, longitud- inally broadly channelled in front, vertex somewhat raised. Antennae not closely joined together, second joint very short, third distinctly longer than fourth, black except third joint has the upper surface of its basal half reddish. Eyes as in histrionica G. Horn. Last joint of maxillary palpi obliquely truncate. Thorax rather narrow, longer than wide, almost smooth, very sparsely and feebly punctulate and with a few minute scattered hairs. Scutellum triangular, finely rugulose. Elytra oblong, rather square at humeral and apical angles, rugulose, with a few very small white hairs Legs rather closely beset with small, fine pale hairs, the femora pretty densely punctulate. The first three tarsi of the $ front legs are gibbose but not excavated; under surface of body sparsely beset with pale hairs which are longer than those on the legs. A very distinct species. Its closest ally is histrionica G. Horn from which it may be told at once by the $ anterior tarsi not being sulcate and by its concolorous elytra. I take much pleasure in associating this interesting species with the name of Mr. E. A. Schwartz of Washington, D. C., to whom American coleopterology owes a great debt. 9. Calospasta sulcifrons Champ., Biol. Centr..Amer., Col., iv, 2, p. 394. Calospasta sulcifrons Champ., Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1899, p. 170. I have not seen this species. Champion's description gives the head and thorax as reddish yellow with vertex and median stripe to thorax black; elytra black with broad reddish yellow margin to base and sides ; underside metallic. The head and 24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. thorax are nitid, sparsely and finely punctured, the former me- dianly channeled, the latter with a rather broad impunctate space down the middle; antennae short, filiform; elytra nearly twice as wide as thorax, finely and rugosely punctured ; an- terior $ tarsi swollen and ferruginous, and sixth ventral seg- ment emarginate. 10. Calospasta fuller! G. Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1878, p. 59. Calospasta fulleri G. Horn, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. xxix, 1891, p. 101. Entirely black, opaque form as in Tetraonyx Latr., surface sparsely covered with rather long black hairs; head finely sculptured, antennae stout, filiform; thorax wider than long and as wide as head; elytra nearly twice as wide as thorax, scabrous, pubescent ; anterior $ tarsi simple, last ventral segment triangularly emarginate. Length 9.5 mm. This species at the first glance resembles the $ Gynapteryx opaca (vide supra} rather closely but can be separated as follows: Pubescence long, first two joints of antennae hairy, thorax dull, almost smooth and impunctate G. opaca. Pubescence short, first two joints of antennae not hairy, thorax some- what nitid, coarsely, irregularly and sparsely punctured. C. fulleri. 11. Galospasta moesta G. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1878, p. 59. Calospasta moesta G. Horn, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. xxix, 1891, p. 101. Black, nitid, elongate ; head and thorax sparsely punctured ; antennae thickened from within out, joints submoniliform ; thorax longer than wide, elytra nearly twice as wide at base as thorax; anterior $ tarsi simple and last ventral segment feebly triangularly emarginate. Length, 22 mm. 12. Calospasta morrisoni G. Horn, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., xxix, 1891, p. 102. Calospasta tnorrisoni Champion, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1899, p. 170. Black, thorax orange red, elongate ; head and thorax sparsely punc- tate and beset with short black hairs; head usually with central rufous spot; antennae slightly thickened externally; joints moniliform; thorax scarcely longer than wide; elytra scabrous; anterior $ tarsi simple, last ventral segment broadly triangularly emarginate. Length, 13 mm. 13. Galospasta nemognathoides G. Horn, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., 1870. p 92. Calospasta nemognathoides G. Horn, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. xxix, 1891, p. 102. Black, thorax red, moderately nitid ; head and thorax smooth, not provided with hairs; antennae rather slender, joints not moniliform; ENT. NEWS, VOL. XX. Plate II. OVIPOSITION OF OECANTHUS QUADRIPUNCTATUS BEUTENMULLER. Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 25 thorax as wide as long; elytra rather feebly scabrous; anterior $ tarsi simple, last ventral segment deeply incised. Length 5.4 mm. 14. Calospasta wenzeli Skinner, Ent. News, 1904. p 217. Calospasta wenzeli. Head, thorax, legs and upper part of body red ; elytra and lower surface of body metallic green or blue; head smooth; antennae filiform; second joint short, third three times as long as second; thorax longer than wide; elytra strongly and peculiarly sculptured, the facets of which sculpturing give the insect a scintillating appearance; the whole instct beset, more or less closely, with white hairs ; anterior $ tarsi simple, last ventral segment triangularly emarginate. Length, 10 mm. Observations on the Oviposition of Oecanthus quad- ripunctatjs Beutenmuller. By J. P. JENSEN, Entomological Department, Cornell University. (Plate II) Oecanthus quadripunctatus has been considered by some writers a light form of Oecanthus fasciatns or nigricornis, but my observations on the habits of the two insects would seem to indicate a specific difference. The former deposits its eggs in a peculiar manner in raspberry and blackberry canes, if these are convenient, while Oecanthus fasciatns, also present, I have not seen oviposit similarly. I first found a female of Oecanthus quadripunctatus ovi- positing in the stem of a wild aster, late in the afternoon at Eagle Bend, Minnesota. The eggs were placed singly in the stem. In the same locality, during the month of September, I also found the females plentiful in a large patch of common thistles, and as they were on the leaves and stems of the thist- les all day for several weeks and no other weeds were near, it seems probable that they also lay their eggs in the stems of these plants. On October 5th, at 5 :3O P. M., while searching for Oecan- thids in a raspberry patch near Cornell University, I came upon a female in the act of ovipositing in a cane. She was placing her eggs in an irregular row up the stem and had already made 26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. a dozen or more punctures. While actively at work oviposit- ing, the females are almost fearless. After watching- one for some time she was caught, placed in a large bottle, with the piece of the cane containing the part that she was filling with eggs. The handling, no doubt, alarmed her considerably, for she laid no more eggs that evening. The next day she sat quietly under a leaf until about four o'clock, when she began running up and down the raspberry stem swaying her antennae and examining it carefully. In a few minutes she placed her- self lengthwise on the cane and began completing the cavity that she had not been allowed to finish the preceding evening. She soon laid an egg, covered it, and began drilling another hole a little above and a little to one side of the last. This took place in the Insectary of Cornell University and Professor Slingerland succeeded in getting an excellent pho- tograph, shown in Fig. i, of the interesting operation from life. The egg was laid in about twenty minutes, and as these insects are much more excitable after depositing an egg, the female became alarmed and after being replaced in the bottle could not be induced to continue for several hours. At 10:00 P. M. I noticed that she had been at work for some time. She had laid three or four eggs and was just in the act of covering the last one. Having finished this to her satisfaction, she began to prepare a place for the next just above and a little to one side, by tearing off pieces of the epidermis of the cane with her mouthparts and then gnawing a shallow depression. This took her about four minutes. Then advancing up the stem she felt for the place with her ovipositor and placed it in the depression almost at right angles to the stem, as shown in Fig. i. The ovipositor seemed to slip, so she backed down to the place and gnawed the depression deeper. Again an at- tempt and another failure, but after gnawing deeper for the third time, it seemed satisfactory and active drilling com- menced. This consists in pushing and swaying the ovipositor and abdomen back and forth the whole body working ener- getically, although the efforts are not as regular and forcible as in Oecanthus niveus, which generally lays its eggs singly Jan., '(X)] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 2J in the hard wood of trees, like cherry, peach and plum. After drilling into the cane to the full length of the ovipositor, the female widened the hole by swaying the ovipositor and ab- domen from side to side and drilling out a cavity for the re- ception of the egg. The preparation of this receptacle took about eight minutes, but will, of course, vary with the hardness of the cane in that particular place, and also seems to vary with the temperature. On a cool evening it may take very much longer, as I have observed in this species and also in O. nivcus. When the cavity was finished, the ovipositor was taken out almost entirely, and except for a swaying motion of the anten- nae the insect sat perfectly still. The egg was being liberated. In about a minute the ovipositor was again inserted to its full length,, and by very apparent contractions of the abdomen, the egg passed down through the ovipositor into the cavity. The ovipositor was then partly lifted out, and after gently crowding in the egg she began to cover it by drilling into the sides of the hole above the egg and pushing the material loosened down on the end of it and into the cavity above. This took two or three minutes. Then the ovipositor was taken out, and backing down to the opening, she commenced tearing loose the epidermis that she could conveniently reach, and mixing it with saliva, pushed the pieces into the opening. When it was filled, she piled more above it, sticking it on with the dark, salivary secretion. This took her four minutes, and she then began to prepare a place for the next egg. The appearance of such oviposition work on the side of a raspberry cane is shown enlarged in Fig. 2, which also shows that the last hole drilled was left open, in fact did not receive an egg. This was found true of a great, many series of punc- tures and seems to indicate that the female after making the cavity finds that she has already expended her supply of eggs. In Fig. 3 a raspberry cane is cut open and shows the ar- rangement of the eggs inside. The eggs are golden yellow in color with a white granulated cap. It will be of interest to economic entomologists to note that 28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. our observations show this injury to blackberry and especially raspberry canes is due not to Oecanthus niveus but to Oecan- thus quadripunctatus. Dr. C. V. Riley in his 5th Missouri Report, p. 119, after describing the injury and illustrating it by the figures that have had such general use in reports and text books ever since says : "These are the eggs of the Snowy Tree Cricket (Oecanthus niveus Harr.), an insect briefly de- scribed in my First Report." In the Supplement to his Ninth Report p. 60, he says : "Oecanthus niveus. This species is com- mon in all parts of the country, and I have proved by breeding that the eggs are those described and figured as such in the 5th Report." In the early summer, I caught a few individuals of Oecan- thus niveus on raspberry and blackberry bushes in the eve- ning, but most of them were on peach, plum and cherry trees and were already at that time busy laying their eggs singly in the stems and branches of these trees. In October no O. niveus specimens were to be found on the raspberry bushes while 0. quadripunctatus was busy ovipositing in the canes. Each afternoon I would find one or two of them at work, while O. niveus was still ovipositing in the stems of the trees and they outnumbered O. quadripunctatus at least 100 to i. It seems, therefore, that O. niveus is innocent of the injury resulting from the long rows of egg-punctures in berry canes, and that we must consider O. quadripunctatus the only cul- prit at least until O. fasciatus or nigricornis has been found guilty of the same offense. Two new North American Phloeothripidae. By J. DOUGLAS HOOD, Urbana, 111. The present paper is based upon a collection of Tlivsanop- tera made in Southern Illinois during the past few months by Mr. Lindley M. Smith, Assistant to the State Entomologist of Illinois. As the collection is large and fairly exhaustive, rep- resenting many hours of careful collecting, I take especial Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 2Q pleasure in naming- one of the species for Mr. Smith. I am also greatly indebted to Prof. Forbes for numerous courtesies and privileges. Genus TRICHOTHRIPS Uzel, 1895. Trichothrips smith! sp. nov. Figs, i and 2. Female Forma aptera. Length about i mm. General color (by trans- mitted light) yellowish brown, with maroon hypodermal pigmentation; tube pale yellow, tipped with gray; tarsi and antennal segments I and 2 pale yellowish, the latter darkened laterally with blackish brown. Head fully as wide as long; cheeks sub-parallel in basal half, anterior- ly converging to eyes ; dorsal and lateral surfaces sparsely and briefly spinose, faintly striate ; postocular bristles slender, pointed. Eyes re- duced, about three facets forming the lateral profile. Ocelli wanting. Antennae stout, about twice as long as head ; segments I and 2, and base of 3, pale yellow, shaded with darker; remainder of antenna dark blackish brown; segment 3 sub-conical; 4-7 sub-globose, pedicellate; 8, lanceolate, pedicellate; sense cones slender; formula* 3, i-i ; 4, i-i ; 5, i-ixi ; 6, i-ixi ; 7 with one on dorsum near apex. Mouth cone short, reaching about two-thirds across prosternum; labium broadly rounded at apex; labrum narrowed apically; just attaining tip of labium. Prothorax about as long as head, and (including coxae) about twice as wide as long; all spines present, rather short, sub-acute. Pterothorax about as long as, and slightly narrower than, prothorax. Wings want- ing. Legs about concolorous with body, excepting tarsi and apices of tibiae, which are pale yellowish ; fore tarsi armed with a small acute tooth. Abdomen slightly wider than prothorax, narrowing roundly from segment 5 to base of tube. Tube about .6 as long as head, and slightly more than 1.4 times as long as its basal width; terminal bristles longer than tube. Measurements : Total length T.o mm.; head, length .155 mm., width .158 mm.; prothorax, length 1.47 mm., width (including coxae) .30 mm.; pterothorax, width .28 mm. ; abdomen, width .33 mm. ; tube, length .09 mm., width at base .063 mm., at apex .033 mm. Antennae: I, about 25^; 2, 46^ ; 3, 49^ ; 4, 42^ ; 5, 42^ ; 6, 41^ ; 7, 3^ ; 8, 43/u, ; total .32 mm. ; width *In the formula for the antennal sense cones, the number of the antennal segment is followed, first, by the number of sense cones on its inner surface, and then by the number on its outer surface; rudi- mentary cones are expressed by an exponent preceded by a plus sign. Thus 5, i - ixi means that on the fifth antennal segment thrrc is one fully developed sense cone on either side, with an additional rudimen- tary one on the outer surface. 3o ENTOMOLOGICAL "NEWS. [Jan., '09. Described from two apterous females taken on hard maple (Acer saccharum) at Bosky Dell, Illinois, October 2Oth, 1908, by Lindley M. Smith, to whom the species is respectfully in- scribed. This little species is closely allied both to T. amcricanus m.* and T. angusticeps m.f, resembling them very closely in gen- eral appearance and in the form of the antennal segments. These three species form a compact group, easily distinguish- able from all other described North American species of the genus by the form of the eighth antennal segment, which is conspicuously lanceolate and narrowly pedicellate. The fol- lowing key will facilitate the separation of these three species : A. Head one-quarter as long as wide ; bristles slightly dilated at apex ; intermediate antennal segments oblong, pedicellate , antennal segments 3 and 4 each with two sense cones on outer sub-api- cal surface; tube 6 as long as head. Length 1.4 mm. T. angusticeps m.f AA. Head about as long as wide ; all bristles pointed. a. Head slightly wider than long; intermediate antennal segments sub- globose, pedicellate; antennal segments 3 and 4 each with a single sense cone on outer subapical surface; tube .6 as long as head. Length i.o mm T. smith! sp. nov. aa. Head slightly longer than wide; intermediate antennal segments oblong, pedicellate; antennal segments 3 and 4 each with two sense cones on outer subapical surface; tube nearly as long as head. Length 1.7 mm T. americanus m.* Genus PHYLLOTHRIPS m., 1908. Phyllothrips umbripennis sp. nov. Fig 3- Female. Length about 1.9 mm. Color nearly uniform black; an- tennal segments 3 and 4, and basal half of 5, usually yellow; fore wings grayish black in basal half; hind wings clouded at base, and with a blackish longitudinal vein reaching about to middle ; marginal ab- dominal spines black, prominent. Head about 1.3 times as long as wide, widest across or just behind eyes, thence narrowing evenly to base; lateral and dorsal surfaces trans- versely striate, sparsely, briefly, and scarcely visibly spinose; postocular *Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. VIII, Art. II, p. '366, fig. 3, a, b, and c; 1908. fLoc. cit, p. 367, fig. 4, a and b. Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 3! bristles blunt, much shorter than eyes. Eyes large, prominent, finely faceted, not bulging. Antennae twice as long as head ; segments i and 2 concolorous with body, excepting apex of 2, which is paler apically; 3 and 4 nearly uniform bright yellow; 5 usually with basal half yellow; remainder of antenna dark backish brown; sense cones slender, scarcely visible ; formula* : 3, o - i ; 4, i - 2; 5, i i + i ; 6, i i -f i ; 7 with one on dorsum near apex. Mouth cone long, slender, surpassing base of prosternum. Prothorax about half as long as head, and (including coxae) nearly three times as wide as long; all spines present, blunt, the pair at the posterior angles longest. Pterothorax large, heavy, slightly wider than long, and wider than prothorax; sides nearly parallel, roundly con- verging posteriorly and anteriorly. Wings present, about attaining base of tube ; fore wings black in basal half, of equal width throughout, and with the sub-apical fringe on posterior margin double for about thirteen hairs. Legs moderately slender, black; fore tarsi unarmed. Abdomen large, slightly wider than pterothorax, tapering roundly from segment 6 to base of tube. Tube about .6 as long as head, taper- ing evenly from base to apex. Measurements : Total length 1.94 mm. ; length .27 mm. ; width .21 mm. ; prothorax, length .14 mm., width (including coxae) .37 mm. ; pterothorax, width .45 mm.; abdomen, width .51 mm.; tube, length .18 mm., width at base .082 mm., at apex .041 mm. Antennae: I, about 30^; 2, 6o/j.- 3, 90^; 4, 82^; 5, 75^; 6, 68^; 7, 57^; 8, 35/1; total .52 mm.; width 37^. Male. Similar to female but smaller and more slender (length about 1.7 mm.). Described from many specimens of both sexes, from the fol- lowing localities : Illinois Bosky Dell, Carbondale, Dubois, Pulaski, on various species of oak (L. M. Smith) ; Michigan Baldwin, on white oak (J. D. H.). This species is intermediate in structure between Liothrips (?) ocellatus m.f and Phyllothrips citric ornis m.$ It may readily be distinguished from its congeners by means of the following key : A. Head not more than 1.3 times as long as wide (Fig. 3). a. Forewings brownish at extreme base; head about 1.15 times as long as wide ; marginal abdominal bristles yellowish ; tube .8 as long as head P. (?) ocellatns m.f *See note on first page of this Article. fBull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. VIII, Art. II, p. 375; 1908. JCan. Ent., Vol. XL. No. 9, p. 305, Fig. 15; 1908. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. aa. Forewings nearly black in basal half; head about 1.3 times as long as wide ; marginal abdominal bristles nearly black ; tube .6 as long as head P. umbripennis sp. nov. AA. Head about 1.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 4). b. Antennae lemon-yellow ; prothoracic bristles large, rather promi- nent; mid-laterals present, fully as long as anterior marginals. P. citricornis m f bb. Antennae with segments 4-8 nearly black ; prothoracic bristles small, inconspicuous ; mid-laterals wanting. P. aspersus Hinds. J Fig. I. Trichothrips sinithi, female, head and prothorax ; x67. Fig. 2. Trichothrips smithi, female, right antenna; X2o6. Fig. 3. Phyllothrips unbripennis, female, head and prothorax; x67. Fig. 4. Phyllothrips aspersus Hinds, female, head; x67. THE meetings of the Association of Economic Entomologists and the Entomological Society of America just closed in Baltimore, Md., were largely attended and very successful. There were many inter- esting papers read. fCan. Ent, Vol. XL, No. 9, p. 305, fig. 15; 1008. JProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXVI, p. 205, PI. X, figs. 104-106; 1902. Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 33 List of Moths Observed at Raleigh, N. Carolina. By C. S. BRIMLEY. This list is based mainly on moths collected during the past four years and is supplementary to the "List of Sphingidae, Saturniidae, and Ceratocampidae," published by myself in "Entomological News" for April 1904. About 130 species have been identified by Dr. H. G. Dyar of the U. S. National Museum, and about half a dozen by Dr. H. Skinner of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia, to both of whom I am very much indebted for their kind- ness in so doing. The remaining species comprising most of the most conspicuous or commoner forms have been mainly named by myself from Dr. Holland's Moth Book. A few species will be found with the remark, "Specimen in State Museum, no date." All these were collected by myself at Raleigh, before my friend Prof. Sherman had initiated me into the mysteries of how to properly label a bug. The nomen- clature and sequence is that of Dr. Dyar's check list. SPHINGIDAE Sphccodina abootii Sw., June 19 and July 26, at sugar. Sphinx drupiferarum S. & A., May 9, 1905. Lapara coniferaru-m S. & A., May 29, 1907, one bred from pupa. Three larvae taken in fall of same year. SATURNIIDAE Hemilcuca waia Drury., I saw one flying across my yard on Nov. 22, 1906, and Mr. Woglum took one four days later. CERATOCAMPIDAE Citheronia sepulchralis G. & R., May 25, 1906, a fine male picked up on side walk. July 4, of same year, bred a female from larva taken in the previous fall. About a dozen larvae taken in fall of 1906. SYNTOMIDAE Scepsis fuk'icollis Ilubn. Mid June to late October, common. LITHOSIIDAE Crambidia uniformis Dyar. July 5, 1907. Hypoprepia miniata Hubn. May 23, 1903. Illice kentuckiensis Dyar. Sept. n, 1906, two on goldenrod flowers. 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. ARCTIIDAE Eubaphe opella Grt. June 14, 1907. Utetheisa bella L. Abundant, June to November. Haploa lecontei Bdvl. May 31, 1906 in woods. Ecpantheria dcflorata Fab. Has only been taken in July and August. The over wintering larvae are commoner than the adults ever are. Estigmene acrea Dru. Early May to early October. Overwinters in the cocoon. Hyphantria cunea Dru. Abundant. Two brooded. Late April to mid- August. Asia Isabella S. & A. Sep. 19, 1905, one bred. The overwintering larvae are not rare. Diacrisia virginica Fab. Early May to mid-September, common. Apantesis arge Dru. Late May and from July to October. Apantesis phyllira Dru. Taken in 1898 and on May 21, 1900. Apantesis nais Dru. July to October. Ammalo tenera Hubn. June and July, not common. Halisidota tesselaris S. & A. July and August. Larvae common in fall. AGARISTIDAE Alypia octomaculata Fab. April and May, rare. NOCTUIDAE Apatela americana Harr. May and August. Have taken the larvae on maple. Apatela hastulifera S. & A. July and August. Larvae on alder. Apatela innotata Guen. July and August, not common. Apatela morula Grt. July and August. Apatela interrupa Guen. May, July and September. Apatela lobeliae Guen. July to September, rather common. Apatela spinigera Guen. August. Apatela clarescens Guen. Late July to early September. Larvae on plum. Apatela tritona Hubn. July and August, rare. Apatela connecta Grt. July and August. Apatela vinnula Grt. May and August. Apatela afflicta Grt. August. Apatela albarufa Grt. August Apatela modica Walk. In May and again in July, August and September. Apatela brnmosa Guen. In May and from late June to mid-September. One of the commonest forms. Apatela haesitata Grt. Late June to early September, common. Apatela retardata Walk. July and August. Apatela noctivaga Grt. May and again in July and August, not common. Apatela xyliniformis Guen. May and again in July and August. Apatela impleta Walk. Taken in the same periods as the preceding. Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 35 Apatela oblinita S. & A. Bred in May, taken in August. Larvae on smartweed. Harrisimemna trisignata Walk. Have taken it years ago. Microcoelia obliterate! Grt. May and August, rare. Polygrammate hebraicum Hubn. Specimen in State Museum taken by me, but no date. Diphthera fallax H. S. August, rare. Crambodes talidiformis- Guen. August. Platysenta videns Guen.. July to September. Balsa malana Fitch. June to August. Perigea vecors Guen. May. Perigea epopea Cram. September and October, rare. Perigea sutor Guen. July to October, common. Oligia chalcedonica Hubn. May to November. Oligia grata Hubn. June to November. Hadena wiscloides Guen. June to early September. Hadena cariosa Guen. June 17, 1907. Dipterygia scabriuscula L. July and August. Actinotia ramosula Guen. July to September. Pyrophila pyramidoidcs Guen. July to September, not common. Prodenia commelinae S. & A. July to October. Common. Prodenia ornithogalli Guen. June to October. Laphygma fmglperda S. & A. Common. Late July to early November. Very common in 1906. I counted about 600 of these moths on five sugared trees on August 23, and they were present in the same numbers the next two nights. The same five trees were visited by about 300 on the night of Oct. 3. Rhynchagrotis anchoceliodes Guen. October, not common. A grot is badinodis Grt. Late October, not common. Agroiis ypsilon Rott. One of our most abundant cutworms. The adults have been taken from early June to late November. Peridroma margaritosa Haw. and P. m. saucia Hubn. Another common cutworm. Adults from June to October. Peridroma inciris Guen. Late June to late November. Larva feeds on grass. Noctua c-nigrum L. early May to early June, and again from mid- August to mid-October. Not common. Noctua lubricans Guen. Mid-July to mid-November. Fcltia subgothica Haw. Early October, rare. Fcltia jaculifera Guen. and var. herilis Grt. Both forms common in fall, from late August to late October. Feltia annexa Treits. Possibly our commonest cutworm. Adult, have been taken from early June to late November. Feltia malefida Guen. Mid-July to late October, not very common. Paragrotis bostoniensis Grt. Oct. 9, 1906. Paragrotis messoria Harr. Mid-August to mid-October. 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. Mamestra meditata Grt. Sep. 28, 1905. Mamestra detracts, Walk. June and August, not common. Mamestra legitima Grt. August. Mamestra goodelii Grt. Aug. 25, 1907. Mamestra laudabilis Guen. Common on sugar. June and from late August to early November. Nephelodes minions Guen. Late September to November. Heliophila unipnncta Haw. Early May to early November without a break. Heliophila subpunctata Harvey. Aug. 30, 1905. Heliophila extincta Guen. Nov. 10, 1906. Heliophila juncicola Guen. July 21 and in September, 1907. Heliophila phragmitidicola Guen. Aug. 22, 1905, and July 5, 1906. Orthodcs cremilata Butler. July to October. Cucullia asteroides Guen. One bred from goldenrod. Aug. 8, 1905. Achatodes zeae Harr. June 17, 1907. Papaipema nitela var nebris Guen. October, not common. Scoliopteryx libatrix Linn. Oct. 24, 1906. Choephora fungorum G. & R. Nov. 8, 1906. Orthosia ferruginoides Guen. October and November. Glaea sericea Morr. One on Oct. 24, 1906. Chloridea virescens Fab. August 19, 1906. Heliothis armiger Hubn. Mid-June to mid-October. Schinia nundina Dru. On goldenrod flowers in August. Schinia arcifera Guen. August and September. Schinia marginata Haw. August and September. Euthisanotia unio Hubn. Aug. 15, 1904. Euthisanotia 'grata Fab. Double brooded. In May and again in July and August Cirrophanus triangulifer Grt. Specimen in State Museum without date. Plusia aerea Hubn. August and September. Autographa biloba Steph. April and May, rare. Autographa verntca Fab. August to early October, common on zinnias in gardens. Autographa rogationis Guen. Late July to early October on zinnias, at dusk. Autographa ou Guen. September. Autographa brassicae Riley. August to October. Autographa oxygra-mma Geycr. Common, August to October, have taken the larvae on goldenrod and bred the moths. Autographa bosigera Walk. May, rare. Autographa simplex Guen. August. Ogdoconta cincreola Guen. May to early October. Paectes abrostoloides Guen. August to October, common. Paectes oculatrix Guen. Late July to early September, rare. Marasmalus inficita Walk. Early August. Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 37 Alabama argillacea Hubn. Oct. 17, 22, 1903. Anoints erosa Hubn. September and early October. Scolecocampa liburna Geyer. July and September. Amyna orbica Morr. October. Pleonectyptera pyralis Hubn. July and August. Phiprosopus callichtroides Grt. August and September. Eustrotia mnscosula Guen. May to August. Eustrotia apicosa Haw. May to September. Eustrotia carneola Guen. May to September. Eustrotia aeria Grt. Aug. 8, 1907. Galgula hepara Guen. June, July and November. Xanthoptera nigrofimbria Guen. In May and from July to September. Metoponia obtusa H. S. Aug. 14, 15, 1907. Chamyris cerintha Tr. Late June to mid August. Tarache biplaga Guen. July 25, 1905. Tarache erastrioides Guen. Late June to August. Tarache candefacta Hubn. August and September. Fruva apicella Grt. Aug. 31, 1907. Spragueia leo Guen. June to September, common. Spragueia datna Guen. July to September. Euherrichia mollisima Guen. Aug. 14, 1907. Pangrapta decoralis Hubn. Aug. 8, 1907. Homopyralis discalis Grt. May and from July to September. Homopyralis contracta Walk. Same period as preceding. Hypsoropha hormos Hubn. Late June to early September. Drasteria erechtea Cram. June to early September. Caenurgia convalescens Guen. June to September. Meliopotis jucunda Hubn. April and again in July and August. Catocala epione Drury. July. Catocala lacrymosa Guen. August and October. Catocala viduata Guen. July to September. Catocala cara Guen. August and September. Catocala amatrix Guen. August to October. Catocala amatrix var. nurus Walk. Same dates as preceding. Catocala ultronia Hubn. June and early July. Catocala ilia Cram. June, July and Septembr. Catocala innnbens Guen. July. Catocala piatrix Grt. Late July to early October, our commonest Catocala. Catocala subnata Grt. Once in late August. Catocala grynea Cram. June and early July. Allotria elonympha Hubn. July and August, and once in May. Euparthenos nubilis Hubn. July. Panapoda rufimargo Hubn. July and August. Parallelia bistriaris Hubn. May to early September. Agnomonia anilis Dru. July and August. 38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. Remigia rcpanda Fab. Late April to mid-May and again from July to September. Phurys rinculum Guen. July and August. Phurys lima Guen. Late April and early May and again in July. Celiptera frustulum Guen. Early May and from late June to August. Anticarsia geinmatilis Hubn. Oct. 27, 1906, Nov. 30, 1907. Antiblemma inexacta Walk. April 28, 1907. Strenoloma hinilinea Grt. June to September. Zale horrida Hubn. In May and again in July and August. Pheocyma lunifera Hubn. Late June to September. Ypsia undularis Dru. August. Homoptera lunata Dru. and var edusa Dru. Has been taken in March and from May to late November. I believe it hibernates as adult. Homoptera calycanthata S. & A. July and August. Homoptera obliqua Guen. May, July and August. Episeuxis americalis Guen. May and June. Episeuxis aemula Hubn. July, August and October. Episeuxis lubricalis Geyer. May to early October. Episeuxis denticulalis Harvey, June, August and September. Zanclognatha obscuripennis Grt. May to July. ZanclognatJia lituralis Hubn. July and August. Renia discoloralis Guen. August. Renia flai'ipunctalis Geyer. August. Bleptina caradrinalis Guen. May, July, August. Heterogramma pyramusalis Walk. August. Palthis asopialis Guen. August to November. Palthis angulalis Hubn. July. Bomolocha manalis Walk. July. Bomolocha bijugalis Walk. June and August. Bomolocha abalinealis Walk. August. Bomolocha toreuta Grt. July. Plathypena scabra Fab. July to January. Overwinters as adult. NOTODONTIDAE Apatclodcs torrefacta S. & A. Aug. 17, 1904. Melalopha inclusa Hubn. May and July. Larvae very common on willow in fall. Datana minis tra Dru. Larvae very common on oak in fall. Datana intcgerrima G. & R. Larvae observed on hickory, pecan and black walnut, in July and again in September, 1907. Datana contracta Walk. Larvae usually common on oak in fall. Nadata gibbosa S. & A. Late July. Nerice bidcntata Walk. Bred from larva on birch June 25, 1905. Symmerista albifrons S. & A. May and August. Larvae very common in fall on oak. Dasylophia anguina S. & A. July. Heterocampa obliqua Pack. Early July. Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 39 Heterocampa manteo Dbl. June and July. Heterocampa bilineata Pack. July. Schizura ipomeae Dbl. July and August, have taken the larvae on horse chestnut and apple. THYATIRIDAE Pseudothyatira cymatophor aides Guen. August and early September. Pseudothyatira expultrix Grt. Same time as preceding but commoner. LASIOCAMPIDAE Malacosoma americana Fab. Early May and June. PLATYPTERYGIDAE Eudeilinea herminiata Guen. May 7, 1907. Oreta rosea Walk. Aug. 25, 1907. Platypteryx arcuata Walk. Two bred from larvae on birch, Sep. i and 5, 1906. GEOMETRIDAE Ettdule mendica Walk. July. Heterophleps triguttaria H. S. July and August. Tephroclystis (sp) August and September. Eustroma diversilineata Hubn. June to August. Percnoptilota fluviata Hubn. Sep. 27, 1907. Hydriomena latirupta Walk. July and August. Gypsochroa sitellata Guen. September and October. Cosymbia pannaria Guen. Sep. 21, 1907. Synetys restrictaria Walk. June 20, 1907. Eois demissaria Hubn. Aug. 31, 1907. Eois ossiilaria Hubn. Sept. 9, 1907. Chlorochlamys chlorolencaria Guen. Sep. 21, 1907. Synchlora denticulate, Walk. August and September. Anaplodes remotaria Walk. August and September. Orthofidonia vestaliata Guen. July 10, 1907. Sciagraphia atrofasciata Pack. August. Philobia notata Linn. July and September. Catopyrrha coloraria Fab. July. Tornos scolopacinarius Guen. August and September. Clear a pampinaria Guen. Common in May and from July to early Sep- tember. Epimccis virginaria Cram. April 19, 1904. Therina athasiaria Walk. Late March to early May. Xanthotype crocataria Fab. June to September. Hyperitis amicaria H. S. April, May and August. Gonodontis hypochraria H. S. Late August. Gonodontis obfirwaria Hubn. Early April. Euchlaena effectaria Walk. July. Euchlaena amoenaria Guen. July and August. Euchlaena astylusaria Walk. Late July. 4O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. Azeline ancetaria Hubn. July and August. Caberodes confusaria Hubn. June to September. Sabulodes transversata Dru. July. Abbotana clemataria S. & A. July 7, 1907. NOLIDAE Celama sorghiella Riley. Sep. 6, 1907. Nigetia fonnosalis Walk. June, August and September. COCHLIDIIDAE Sibine stimnlea Clem. July and August. Euclea delphinii Bdvl. July i, 1907. Lithacodes fasciola H. S. July 21, 1907. MEGALOPYGIDAE Lagoa crispata Pack. June and July. PYROMORPHIDAE Acoloithns falsarius Clem. June and August. Pyromorpha dimidiata H. S. May. Harrisina americana G. M. June and August. THYRIDAE Thyris maculata Harr. June and August. Thyris lugubris Bdvl. June. COSSIDAE Prionoxystus robiniae Peck, June n, 1902. SESIIDAE Melittia satyriniformis Hubn. Late June to mid-August. At least par- tially two brooded. I bred a number from the same years larvae in late July, 1905, but towards the end of August some of the cocoons still contained living larvae not yet trans- formed to pupae, although they had been a month in the cocoons. Memythrus polistiformis Harr. July 18, 1905, a pair in coitu. Nov. I, 1904, one. Sanninoidea exitiosa Say. August. Palmia ruficornis Hy Ed. Four taken in grass in pine woods Aug. 16, 1906. PYRALIDAE Glaphria sesquistrialis Hubn. June. Hymenia fascialis Cram. August to October. Desmia funeralis Hubn. June to September. At least two brooded. Diastictis argyralis Hubn. August. Pilocrocis inguinalis Guen. September on zinnia flowers at dusk. Conchylodcs platinalis Guen. August on zinnias at dusk. Sylepta obscuralis Led. July. Diaphania nitidalis Stoll. Late July to September. Stenophyes horonalis Guen. Sep. 19, 1907. Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 4! Nomophila noctuella D. & S. June 17, 1907. Loxostege wancalis Led. June to September. Two brooded. The larvae are a pest on morning glory vines. Loxostege similalis Guen. August and September. Phlyctaenia ferrugalis Hubn. Nov. 19, 1906. Phlyctaenia tertialis Guen. June and August. Cindaphia bicoloralis Guen. Aug. 2, 1907. Pyrausta frertextalis Led. August and September. Pyrausta iheseusalis Walk. Aug. 30, 1907. Pyrausta illibalis Hubn. July and August. Eustixia pupula Hubn. June to August. Aglossa cuprealis Hubn. July. Hypsopygia costalis Fab. June, August and September. Pyralis farinalis Linn. June to August. Herculia olinalis Guen. June, August and September. Galasa rubidana Walk. July 10, 1906, July 8, 1907. Crambus praefectellus Zinck. June. Crambus caliginoscllus Clem. June. Crambus teterelltis Zinck. Sept. 10, 1907. Diatraea saccharalis Fab. Early June, late July and August. Argyria nivalis Dru. Sept. 8, 1907. Epipaschia supcratalis Clem. July 15, 1907. Tetralopha huinerella Rag. July 7, 1907. Monoptilota nubilclla Hulst. Aug. 2, 1907. Ambcsa busckiella Dyar. Aug. 14, 1907. Meroptera pravella Grt. Aug. 14, 1907. PTEROPHORIDAE Oxyptilus tenuidactylus Fitch. June 15, 1907. Pterophorus monodactylus Linn. Sep. 4, and Nov. II, 1906. TORTRICIDAE Eucosma strenuana Walk. August. Archips rosaceana Harr. June, August. Platynota rostrana Walk. June 13, 1907. Tortrix albicoyiana Clem. July. Pharmacis sartana Hubn. July 17, 1907. YPONOMEUTIDAE Atteva aurea Fitch. September and October on goldenrod flowers. Plutella maculipennis Curtis. June. OECOPHORIDAE Cryptolechia sparsiciliella Clem. July 16, 1907. TINEIDAE Acrolophus plumifrontellus Clem. June and July. Acrolophus cervinus Wals. July. Anaphora popeanella Clem. August and September. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors. All contributions will be considered and passed upon at out earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put " copy " into the hands of the printer, for each num- ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five " extras," without change in form, will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. ED. PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1909. In Entomological News, volume XV, page 36, 1904, it was suggested to place on the cover of each January News, the most interesting American insect described during the previous year. It was our intention to have the describers of species apply to the News for this honor and the selection to be made by the editors in conjunction with the Advisory Committee. We have not had any applications and have left the space vacant for the present. We will be glad to receive application for this space; the application to be accompanied by a suitable draw- ing. If we do not receive any application for the space we will be compelled to abandon the idea. MR. JACOB KOTINSKY has been appointed to succeed the late Mr. Alexander Craw as superintendent of Entomology of the Hawaiian Board of Agriculture, and Mr. D. B. Kuhns has been appointed assist- ant. C. A. CLARK is conducting a "Nature Experiment Station" at Lynn, Mass., in which he has made hundreds of experiments with insects. Mr. Clark is one of the best known naturalists in Essex County, and has the only Experiment Station of its kind in his locality. His address is 60 Lynnfield street. A TRUE STORY. The minister was making a parishional call, and the youngest member of the family, a small boy of tender years, finally mustered sufficient courage to inquire his name: "My name," replied the clergyman pleasantly, "is Mr. Jehonnet, what is your name?" Astonished out of all prudence by so singular a name and convinced that the minister was "funning," he mastered his surprise as best he could and gravely replied : "My name is Mr. G. Bumblebee." 42 Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 43 Doings of Societies. The Brooklyn Entomological Society met at 55 Stuyvesant Avenue, October ist with eighteen members present. Prof. John B. Smith spoke of the summer's entomological happenings and remarked the steady northward progress of the Sphccius spcciosus with a most noticeable cutting down of the prevalence of Cicada. The wasp has been common for at least twenty years along the centre of Long Island, burrowing in the loose sand by the railroad track. W. T. Davis who has been working over the Cicada, collected at Tuckerton, N. J., and got his principal supply by intercepting the female spe- ciosus and stealing her prey. Cicada canaUcularis was the species most frequently thus obtained. In the burrows tach- inid larvae as secondary parasites infested a majority of the Cicada. C. V. Riley's familiar drawing in "Insect Life" was criticized inasmuch as it shows the wasp carrying the Cicada by the back. The wasp invariably grips the underside, holding the legs. After they fall to the ground the Cicada is pulled along, its back being smooth. Mr. Geo. Franck and others described the flight of Eiuw- mos subsignarius during the night of July 16. They were swept up by bushels and whitened the streets. Of thousands picked up, all were males. No one had observed the larvae as commoner than usual. The English sparrows destroyed vast numbers but did not eat them. They apparently picked off the wings in wanton mischief. The great flight of 1862 was precisely similar. It was con- fined to the large cities and extended to Montreal. A plague of caterpillars followed the next year. Then, as this year, the females being heavier, stayed at home. Of records of captures during the summer there was noted Libytliea bachmanni at Bay Ridge, L. I. ; Painplrila f>h\laeus at Canarsic, L. I. and Hopatcong, N. J. ; Tliecla iii-alliuin at Hopatcong, a northernmost record; Lcbia plcuritica and mar- ginicollis at Flatbush, L. I.; Pamphila delaivare at Hopatcong. Pamphila massasoit was common in Orange County, N. Y. Malachius aeiieus was common at Claremont, New Hamp- 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 'og. I shire. A very fortunate catch was a long series of Cybister olivieri in Florida. The last two are represented in very few collections. R. P. Dow, Recording Secretary. The Brooklyn Entomological Society met Nov. 5 with twelve members present and John A. Grossbeck of the New- ark Society, a visitor. 'G. W. J. Angell, a charter member of the incorporated so- ciety was re-elected, and C. P. Benedict of Staten Island elec- ted to active membership. A. C. Weeks reported Hemileuca mala at Gaphank, Oct. 1 8 by daylight. Jacob Doll reported taking H. Neumoegeni in Arizona freely at light at n P. M. C. J. Martin exhibited his summer's catch of beetles in Germany and Switzerland and a pair of Catocala fra.rini with quite melanotic primaries. Geo. Franck reported a freshly emerged Philosainia cynthia Nov. 5. The species had been unusually double brooded this year. Jacob Doll reported Junonia coenia hatching freely out of doors in November. W. T. Davis reported that a larva of Hemileuca mala taken at Lakehurst, N. J. in the spring of 1907, which pupated promptly had emerged in the fall of 1908. Mr. Doll reported a Samla gloveri which recently hatched after being four years in the cocoon, and an Atlacus orizaba which had been in cocoon six years and is still alive. A number of other instan- ces were given tending to show that in the arid regions of the southwest, insects had the power to stay in pupa form over a dry year and emerge in favorable climatic environment. C. Schaeffer reported taking the pupae of a Cerambycid Mon- ilema ulkei in Arizona in the soil under the cactus, Opuntia engelmannl. These larvae surround themselves with an earth- en cell. The cell bakes hard under the summer sun, so hard that it is seemingly impossible for the insect to emerge until a copious rain softens it. C. H. Olsen showed a section of the stem of a decaying rub- Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 45 her plant about one and a half inches in diameter, which while in a greenhouse had been penetrated through and through by four species of scolytid beetles. At a regular meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social held this evening at 1523 South I3th Street, Philadelphia; the following members were present : Dr. Castle, Messrs. H. A. Wenzel, H. W. Wenzel, Seiss, Laurent, Schmitz, Harbeck, ITaimbach, C. T. and G. M. Greene. Vice-President Harbeck in the chair. The absence of the Secretary at the beginning of the meet- ing prohibited the reading of minutes of previous meeting. Mr. Wenzel, Sr. made several remarks on Buprcstis decora and read extracts from a letter from Southern Pines, N. C. saying this species had emerged from pine in wood box in room in December. Coleoptera, the speaker said, often mature in the fall, hibernate in the imago state and emerge during the first warm spell in spring. Earliest date for B. ultramarina is IV-I9, collected at Westville. Mr. Laurent stated he had a male specimen of Dcilcphila lineata to emerge on Oct. 23rd. Said he had never in his ex- perience had any species of Sphingidae emerge later than Oct. ist when pupae had been kept out of doors. The several days of warm weather we had at that time was supposed to account for this. Dr. Castle inquired about baking insects to quickly dry and set them. Said he had put light brown specimens of Donacia picastri.v in oven where temperature was very high and had been called away and when the specimens were taken out, 28 hours later, they were bright green in color. These were ex- hibited. This was discussed by the members, Mr. Haimbach stating he treated all his specimens this way without harm ex- cept putting a sheen on the wings of Odonata and said it was very good when collecting at the shore where air was contin- ually moist ; insects dried in the regular way there were no- ticed to droop their wings in a couple of weeks' time. Mr. Harbeck exhibited six species of the Anthomyid genus 46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. Lispa : consanguinea, sociabilis, polita, uliginosa, albitarsis and tentaculata. . He stated that these flies were found walking around on muddy places and pond lily's leaves. Five species of those shown were new to the New Jersey list, only one spe- cies is recorded there and one more has been added in the supplementary list by Mr. Johnson. GEO. M. GREENE, Ass't Sec'y, A meeting of the Newark Entomological Society was held in Turn Hall, September 13, with fifteen members present. Mr. Broadwell spoke of the invasion of Ennomos subsig- narius in Newark last July. Discussion brought out the fact that the insects occurred as far north from New York City as Oliverea, Ulster County, N. Y. ; westward as far as Paterson, N. J., where they were equally as numerous as in Newark and New York ; eastward as far as New Haven, Conn. ; and south- ward to New Brunswick and Morgan, N. J. At both of these southern points only a single specimen was taken. Prof. Smith stated that Zeuzeura pyrina was extending its range southward in New Jersey, and was now found in some numbers at Maurer and Eatontown. He also said that reports claimed it to be injurious in the vicinity of Boston. Mr. Grossbeck spoke of the abundance of Arsilonche albo- I'cnosa larvae present on the cat-tail marshes near Snake Hill in 1907. Thousands of larvae were spread over several acres of territory and three to six individuals were found on every blade of the plant. Search in the fall of the year resulted in the finding of only two cocoons spun in among the sheaths. Nothing was found on the ground or under the various ob- jects on the meadow. Parasitism was small if not altogether absent since of the hundred or more larvae brought into the laboratory, none were infested. The question arises as to what became of these larvae? Mr. Herpers spoke of the numerous gorgeous butterflies he had seen in Topeka, Mexico, last winter, where he had been led to believe they were scarce at that season of the year. Many species were represented. Jan., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 47 The October meeting of the Newark Entomological Society was held on the i8th of the month, at Turn Hall, with twenty- three members and five visitors present. Mr. R. P. Dow, of Brooklyn, was elected a member. Following the meeting the members and guests proceeded to the dining hall, where a col- lation was served in honor of the twenty-fourth anniversary of the society. Speeches were made by Prof. Smith and Messrs. Beutenmtiller, Leng, Davis, Dow and Kearfott, and music was furnished by Prof. Wormsbacher. A meeting of the Newark Entomological Society was held at Turn Hall on November 8th, with twelve members present. Prof. Wormsbacher reported Nonagria oblonga Grt. from Jer- sey City, Homestead and Guttenberg, N. J., in August. He said the species was abundant around the electric light. He also reported the capture of Acronycta radcliffei and Mamcstra pnrpurissata at Edgewater Heights, the former on June 29, the latter on September 7, and Hypocala hillii at Guttenberg on September 15. A friend of his captured a battered speci- men of Papilio palainedes Dru. at Fairview on July 8, this being the most northern point from \vhich the species has been recorded and a new record for New Jersey. According to Holland this species does not extend north of Southern Vir- ginia or Missouri.* Mr. Buchholz spoke of the larvae of Gloveria arizoncnsis that he found hiding in a cedar stump in Arizona. The stump was reduced almost to dust by borers, leaving only a fragile framework. They were of two sizes, the larger ones maturing the same year, the smaller ones hibernating and pro- ducing imagoes the following year. This habit of requiring two years to complete their development was later demon- strated to be the regular practice of the species. Mr. Buch- holz also reported Dilophonota dope Dru. from Elizabeth, N. J., September 27. Mr. Bischoff reported the capture of two specimens of Neoc- lytus jouteli at Lakehurst, N. J., on July 4, 1907, and three * Philadelphia by Skinner. 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '09. specimens at Rahway, N. J., on August 2, one of the latter taken by Mr. Grossbeck. Aside from these five examples the species is known only by the unique type described by Mr. Davis. Mr. Grossbeck exhibited a cocoon of Tropaea luna which was spun in the neck of a bottle, completely corking up the mouth and projecting about three-eighths of an inch over the top. JOHN A. GROSSBECK, Secretary. ALEXANDER CRAW. The following resolutions on the death of Alexander Craw, were presented by the Executive Committee and unanimously adopted by the Hawaii Entomological Society. Whereas, The Hawaiian Entomological Society has learned with profound sorrow of the death of its esteemed member, Alexander Craw, June 28, 1908, be it therefore Resolved, That the Society, through its Secretary, transmit to the bereaved family its deepest sympathy, and this expres- sion of its appreciation of the irreparable loss sustained. Mr. Craw was one of the founders of the Society; was its first Vice-President and always took a keen interest in the Society, attending the meetings faithfully unless prevented by matters of health or duty and was ever ready to join in the discussions of practical entomological interest. He was a sincere, kind, generous, and hospitable man, and in the few years spent in our midst had endeared himself into the hearts of all with whom he was associated. Be it further Resolved, That these resolutions be spread on the minutes of the Society. An interesting biographical sketch of Alexander Craw was published by Jacob Kotinsky in the Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., II, No. i, Oct., 1908. OTTO H. SWEZEY, R. C. L. PERKINS, JACOB KOTINSKY, Executive Committee. FEBRUARY, 1909. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XX. No. Larva or Culex perturbans as described by Dr. John B. Smith. EDITOR : HENRY SKINNER, M. D. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Associate Editor. EZRA T. CRKSSON. PHILIP LAURENT. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: HENRY L. VIERECK. WILLIAM J. FOX. J. A. G. H. W. WENZEL PHILADELPHIA: ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the Entomo- logical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.OO IN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada, $1.20. SINGLE COPIES 15 CENTS Advertising Rates: 30 cents per square inch, single insertion ; a liberal discount on longer insertions. No advertisement taken for less than 60 cents Cash in advance. All remittances should be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy of Natural Sciences, 19th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. The Celebrated Original Dust and Pest-Proof METAL CASES FOR SCHMITT BOXES Described in "ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS," page 177, Vol. XV MANUFACTURED AND FOR SALE BY BROCK BROS., Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. Living Actias artemis pupa (cocoons], healthy and strong. Larva eats walnut and is easily cared for. The beautiful moth emerges in May. $1.25 per specimen, ten specimens $11. Sent packed as registered sample, by mail 2oc. extra. Dr. O. Meyer, Bokemahl 4, Hannover, Germany. I wish to purchase or will give exchange for the following spe- cies of Coleoptera : Cicindela, Tetracha, Carabus, Calosoma, Cyc/ints, Histeridae, Buprestidae, Lucanidae, Cleridae, Cerambycidae, Phtsi- otis, Dynastes from Arizona, Mexico, Texas, California and Canada. The following species of butterflies pupa or cocoon of Papilio, Sphinx, Smerinthus, all Attacus, Hyperchiria, Eaclcs, Cithcro/ria, Anisota, Datana, etc., from the Southern States and Canada; offers to be sent to JOSBPH SEVKR 335 East 49th Street, New York City, New York When Writing Please Mention "Entomological ENT. NEWS, VOL. XX. Plate III. JONES ON CALLOSAMIA CAROLINA. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. XX. FEBRUARY, 1909. No. 2. CONTENTS: Jones Additional Notes on Callosamia Carolina 49 Kearfoot -Synonomy of Certain Tortri- cidse ... 52 Williams Notes on the Life-Histories of Webster The Distribution of the North American Species of Phytonomus (Coleoptera) So Beutenmuller Descriptions of Three New Sesiidae 82 Certain Wood-Boring Lepidoptera. 58 | Gerhard Bibliography on Flies and Williams The Butterflies and some of the Moths of the Mt. Shasta Region 62 Hood (corrections) Two New North Mosquitoes as Carriers of Disease. 84 Editorial 90 Notes and News 91 American Phloeothripidae 75 I Doings of Societies 93 Biederman A New Catocala from Ariz. 76 Williamson Some Corrections in So- matochlora (Odonata Dragonflies) 77 Obituary Samuel Atixer 96 Additional Notes on Callosamia Carolina. By FRANK MORTON JONES, Wilmington, Delaware. (Plates III, IV) A brief description of an interesting form of Callosamia angulifera was published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for May, 1908 (page 231). It is now possible to give an illustration of this moth and of its cocoons, which differ remarkably from those of typical angulifera. I first found these cocoons in May, 1907, in Berkeley County, South Carolina. At that time eleven cocoons were found, all hanging on swamp-magnolia or bay- trees (Magnolia glaiica) ; all of these cocoons were empty, and were so evidently different from any of our well-known species that I made every effort to procure eggs, larvae, or live cocoons. Early in 1908 I finally secured thirty live cocoons and many more empty ones, all gathered within four miles of the original locality and from the same food-plant, Magnolia glaiica. The cocoon of Carolina bears a superficial resemblance to that of polyphemus, though it is not so regularly rounded or nearly so firm in texture outwardly; for unlike polyphcmns it is double, the firm inner cocoon being no larger than a large proincthca, and like that species, open at the top with converg- ing threads. The cocoon is suspended by a strong, slender 49 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'OO, thread or stem varying from a fraction of an inch to four inches in length, about two inches being most usual. The out- side dimensions are : Length, two to two and a half inches ; diameter, about one and a quarter inches. The silk is pale in color and lustrous, and the outside of the cocoon usually has several large magnolia leaves irregularly attached. From angu- lifera it differs in size, in its looser texture outwardly, in its much more decidedly double character, and in the possession of a stem, evidently a rare character in angulifera. The moths from these cocoons emerged April ist to 2ist, fourteen males and fifteen females. They exhibit very little variation among themselves and present constant differences from any angidifera I have been able to see, as is apparent from the description (Ent. News, XIX, page 231) and the illustration herewith. One of the females was mated, and from April I2th to I7th she deposited 191 eggs. The eggs, laid in irregular rows, are similar in size and appearance to those of angulifera. A few hours after being deposited they are chalky white in color, sometimes irregularly splotched with brown, evidently stained with the fluid by which they are attached to the leaf. At out-of-door temperature they began to hatch' April iQth, some being delayed until May I2th by a spell of cold, wet weather. Magnolia glauca not being procurable near Wilming- ton, Delaware, when they hatched, the young larvae were tried with another species of magnolia, with sassafras, spice-bush, wild cherry, and tulip-tree. They refused all but the last named. On tulip-tree out of doors, they all succumbed to a cold rain ; a few, fed indoors, survived through all the larval molts. They showed considerable color variation, and as direct comparison was impossible, no character was detected to sep- arate them positively from the larva of angulifera. The newly hatched larvae are yellow with two narrow black rings on segments T 2 , A s inclusive, and one on each of the remaining seg- ments. The clusters of setae on the first thoracic and last abdominal segments are black ; the median cluster on A 8 is dark, and all the rest are yellow. The head is black with a white band across the front and a white spot on either side above. Feet black. Second larval stage. But little changed except in size; the light markings on the head are broader and pale yellow in color. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XX. Plate IV. JONES ON CALLOSAMIA CAROLINA. Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 5! Third larval stage. Yellow, ringed with black as before; whitish between the segments. Head yellowish-green; a black band above the mouth parts, a black band across the front not quite joining another on each side. Feet yellow. Lateral warts on Ti yellow ; the remaining ones on this segment, those on Aio, and the lateral warts on A 9 , black. On all the other segments the warts usually yellow ; sometimes the submeclian row yellow, the others black ; sometimes the corre- sponding warts on one side yellow, on the other side black. Fourth lari'al stage. Bluish-white, powdery, with the black transverse lines confined to the dorsal area and fading out as the larva grows. Head yellowish green banded with black as before, the bands narrower. Feet yellow. Anal plate and claspers yellow with a black band and black horseshoe mark. The large dorsal tubercles on T 2 and T 3 spined, orange-color becoming red later, and ringed with black at base. Median wart on A s large spined, pale, yellow ringed with black at base. All the remaining warts black, and spined or roughened, the submedian rows more prominently so ; except on the thoracic segments, the lateral rows, although slightly spined, approach the smooth shining appearance of the next stage. Occasionally some variation in the color of the warts, the submedian row on the abdominal segments in some examples yellow instead of black. Fifth larval stage. Color as before; no trace of the black rings. Plead yellow, the black bands still narrower and interrupted. Feet yellow. Anal plate edged with yellow and black. Anal claspers green with a black hollow triangle. Dorsal tubercles on T 2 and T.i smooth, coral-red, yellow at base with a black ring. Median tubercle on A 8 yellow with a black ring at base. All the other tubercles black, rounded, smooth and shining. A black spot over each abdominal foot. Tn this and the preceding stage the substigmatal ridge is prominent, but not differing noticeably in color from the other portions. No meas- urements are given in the above descriptions, but the sizes are approxi- mately those of promethea. The moths, especially the males, are smaller and slighter than typical angulifcra and but little above the average size of promethea. I have not been able to learn anything: further of the dis- tribution of this form, or whether it intergrades with typical nur/ulifcra. Its abundance locally and the persistence of its dif- ferences from angulifcra through all obtainable examples seem to indicate a well defined local race. Co-types and specimens of the cocoons are in my own collection and also in those of Dr. William Barnes, of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia, and of the U. S. National Museum (Accession No. 48,676). 52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '09 Synonomy of Certain Tortricidae. By W. D. KEARFOtff, Montclair, N. J. While collecting data for a review of this sub-family, I re- cently read a series of papers by the late Chas. G. Barrett in the "Entomologist's Monthly Magazine," entitled "Notes on Brit- ish Tortrices ;" of particular interest were certain remarks on pp. 35 and 36, Vol. xxiv, 1887, wherein Mr. Barrett calls at- tention to four names that had been recently expunged from the British lists, as representing North American species. These remarks may be quoted in full for the benefit of North American students. "In Mr. Shepherd's collection are also several of the origi- nal types, on the faith of which species were included in our fauna, which were afterwards expunged as aliens. They all appear in Stephens' British Museum Catalogue, but only as reputed British species, and with the locality, "North Ameri- ca?" These specimens are carefully labelled as follows: "Peregrinana" "Obliquana, Bent." ''These names appear in Stephens' Catalogue, page 90, and obliquana is figured very accurately by Mr. Humphreys (W. and H., Vol. ii, pi. 80, fig. 8). I believe this species to be Pan- dcmis albariana Walk., a native of North America. It agrees very well with the figure in Lord Walsingham's work on North American Tortricidae, plate 62, fig. 10." 'Trilcncana. This is Ptycholoma pcrslcana. Fitch (blan- dana Clemens, fragariana Packard), agreeing well with North American specimens sent me some years ago by Professor Fernald, of Maine State College. In Stephens' list, p. 90, Croesia trileucana. " 'B insttil an a' (two specimens). This is figured in West- wood and Humphreys' work (Vol. ii, pi. 80, fig. 10). Stephens says of it that he has seen only two specimens, which he believes came from the West of England. He might well have said farther west. It is Ptycholoma inelaleucana Zeller, from Virginia, Maine, Pennsylvania and Ohio. It is well figured Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53 by Lord Walsingham (pi. 62, fig. 8), and agrees with my types from Professor Fernald." " 'Flavofasciana.'--This moth is figured under the same name by Humphreys (W. and H., Vol. ii, pi. 99, fig. 16), with the statement 'From Mr. Stone's collection, now in the cabi- net of Mr. Bentley.' From Mr. Bentley's cabinet it passed to Mr. Shepherd's. It is Sericoris instnitana Clemens, from North America, and agrees with types from Prof. Fernald, sent as Exartcma fasciatana." The following synonomy is arranged to the best of my ability, but with the limitations of one unfamiliar with the class of work; I sincerely hope that should there be errors, they will be promptly corrected. */ Olethreutes flavofasciana West wood. Rhyacionia Havofasciana West. & H., Br. Moths, II, 173, pi. 99, p. 16, 1844.' / Sericoris flavofasciana Stph., List B. M., ~K, 95, 1852. Rhyacionia ftavofasciana West. & H., Br. Moths, 2d Ed., II, 173, pi. 99, p. 16, 1857. Exartema fasciatana var. (?) Clem., Pro. Ac. N. Sc., 357, 1860. Sericoris instrutana Clem., Pro. Ent. Soc. Ph., V, 135, 1865. Sericoris poana Zell., V. Z. b. Ges. Wien, XXV, 282, 1875- Sericoris instrutana Fern., Tr. A. E. S., X, 35, 1882. Sericoris flavafasciana Barrett, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIV, 36, 1887. Olethreutes instrutana Fern., Bull. 52, U. S. N. M., No. 5064, 1902. Olethreutes instrutana Kearf., Smith's List, Lep. No. Am., No. 5467, 1903. Mr. Barrett says of this species "It is Sericoris instnitana Clem, from North America, and agrees with types from Prof. Fernald sent as Exartema fasciatana." In Westwood's British Moths, both editions, the figures are more like instnitana, while the rather full description is undoubtedly of this species rather than fasciatana, hence I prefer to follow Barrett as Fer- nald did not seem able to separate the two species, though belonging to different genera; hence flavofasciana \Yc-si\v. will take the place of instrutana Clem. Archips schreberiana Stephens. Losotaenia schreberiana (?) Stph., Cat. Br. Ins., II, 172, No. 6879, 1829. Lozotaenia schreberiana Stph., Ills. Br. Ins., Haus., IV, Si, 1834. Losotaenia schreberiana Wood, Ind. Ent., No. 875, 1839. 54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '09 Lozotaenia schreberiana Westwd., Br. Moths, II, 114, pi. 80, p. 20, 1844. Sericoris trileucana Doubleday, Zoologist, V, p. 1/29, 1847. Croesia (?) trileucana Stph., Cat. Br. Ins., X, 90, 1852. Croesia persicana Fitch., 3d Kept. Ins., N. Y., 357, 1856. Lozotaenia schreberiana Westwd., Br. Moths, 2d Ed., II, 114, pi. 80, P- 20, 1857- Ditula (?) blandana Clem., Pro. Ent. Soc. Ph., Ill, 515, 1864. Lozotaenia fragariana Pack., Guide St. Ins., 335, 1869. Tortr. (Argyrot} conigerana Zell., V. Z. b. Ges. Wien, XXV, 227, 1875. Ptycholoma persicana Fern., Tr. A. E. S., X, 14, 1882. Ptycholoma trileucana Barrett, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIV, 35, 1887. Archips persicana Fern., Bull. 52, U. S. N. M., No. 5379, 1902. Archips persicana Kearf., Smith's List, Lep., No. Am., No. 5796, 1903. I feel considerable doubt of the correctness of the synon- omy of this species. Stephens and the earlier authors give earlier references in the works of Linne (Gmelin Ed. xiii), Pan- zer (Fauna Insectorum Germaniae), etc., usually accompanied by interrogation marks. Doubleday, in Zoologist, 1847, says under heading of L. schreberiana. "This species bears no re- semblance to the Tortri.r schreberiana (Linn.), except in having a white costal spot : it is Sericoris trileucana (Gm.) , a common American species." This remark is repeated in the second edi- tion of Westwood's British Insects, but does not occur in the first. I have carefully examined all of the available editions of Linne, and find nothing that convinces me that either he or Gmelin were acquainted with the American species, but that all of their references were of the European species now known as Olethreutes schreberiana L., Staudinger & Rebel Cat. No. 1856. If this presumption is correct, Stephens is responsible for the first notice and description of the American insect. West- wood's figures, especially good in the first edition, are un- doubted representations of our common persicana. Archips biustulana Stephens. Lozotaenia biustulana Stph., Cat. Br. Ins., II, 171, 1829. Lozotaenia biustulana Stph., Ills. Br. Ent., Haus., IV, 78, 1834. Lozotaenia biustulana Wood., Ind. Ent., No. 867, 1839. Lozotaenia biustulana Bentley, Zoologist, III, p. roor, 1845. Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 55 Losotaenia biustulana W. & H., Br. Moths II, 113, pi. 80, p. 10, 1851. Lozotaenia biustulana Stph., List B. M., X, 90, 1852. LopKodcrus melaleucanus Walk., Cat. Lep. Het. Br. Mus., XXVIII, 335, 1863. Conchylis invexana Walk., Cat. Lep. Het. Br. Mus., XXVIII, 358, 1863. Ptycholoma (?) semifuscana Clem., Pro. Ent. Soc. Phil., Ill, 519, 1864. Tortrix melaleucana Rob., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., II, 271, pi. 4, p. 29, 1869. Tortrix (Ptychol.) melaleucana Zell., V. Z. b. Ges. Wien, XXV, 223, 1875. Ptycholoma melaleucanum Wlsm., Ills. Lep. Het., B. M., IV, 10, pi. 62, f. 8, 1879- Ptycholoma melaleucana Fern., Tr. A. E. S., X, 14, 1882. Ptycholoma biustulana Barrett, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIV, 35, 1887. Archips melaleucana Fern., Bull. 52, U. S. N. M., No. 5380, 1902. Archips melaleucana Kearf., Smith's List, Lep. No. Am., No. 5797, 1903. Both Wood and Westwood's figures of this species, are very poor in execution, although they bear a resemblance to mela- leucana; the best evidence for restoring Stephen's name, is Bar- ret's statement that he had compared it (Stephen's specimen) with types of melaleucana sent by Fernald, and that it was the same species. Pandemis obliquana Fab. ? Pyralis obliquana Fabricius (?), Ill b. 257. Lozotaenia obliquana Stph., Cat. Br. Ins., II, 171, 1829. Lozotaenia obliquana Bentley, Zoologist, III, 1001, 1845. Tortrix obliquana Haw (?) Lozotaenia obliquana Westwd. & Humph., Br. Moths II, 113, pi. LXXX, p. 8, 1851. Lozotaenia obliquana Stephens, Catal, Br. Ins. II, 171, No. 6868, 1829. Lozotaenia obliquana Stephens, 111. Br. Ent., Haus., IV, 77, 1835. Lozotaenia obliquana Wood., Ind. Ent., No. 865, 1839. Paramesia peregrinana Stephens, List, B. M., X, 90, 1852. Teras albaniana Walk., Cat. Br. Mus., XXVIII, 288, 1863. Pandcwis albaniana Wlsm., 111. Lep. Het., B. M., IV, n, pi. 62, f. 10, 1879- Pandemis obliquana Barrett, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIV, 35, 1887. Pandemis albaniana Fern., Tr., A. E. S., X, 14, 1882. Pandemis albaniana Fern., Bull. 52, U. S. N. M., No. 5393, 1902. Pandemis albaniana Kearf., Smith's List, B. Am., No. 5810, 1903. I have not seen Haworth's or Fabricius' note on this insect, it is probable the latter did not have an American specimen be- fore him, but I have little doubt that Stephens described and 56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '09 Westwood figured the species that we have known as alban- iana Walk., so that obliquana will replace this name, although some doubt remains as to whether the author is Fabricius or Stephens. In addition to the four species above, for which we are en- tirely indebted to Mr. Barrett, for straightening out the syn- onomy, I make record of the following notes on other possibly overlooked names of American Tortricids, so that we may have a reference something less than a century old. From the English translation of Linne, entitled, SYSTEMA NATURAE by Sir CHAS. LINNE, AMENDED and EN- LARGED by the IMPROVEMENT and DISCOVERIES of LATTER NAT- URALISTS and SOCIETIES. By WILLIAM TURTON, M. D. Vol. Ill, London 1802. The Section heading on page 342 is : "Pyralis. Tortrix of Gmelin." P. 345. Lactana. Wing cinereous ; upper pair with scattered black dots. Inhabits Georgia. Body small snowy ; lower zvings snowy with a small black mark at the hind margin. P. 348. Morgana. Wings chestnut-brown, with a yellow outer margin in which are 2 chestnut-brown bands. Inhabits American Islands. Head and thorax variegated ; breast and legs snowy ; upper ivings with a small ring in the middle, angle of the tail brownish. P. 348. Triangulana. Wings varied yellow and brown with a yellow base and marginal spots. Inhabits American Islands. Lower wings cinereous. P. 351. Badicrana. Wings yellowish with two white waved streaks. Inhabits American Islands. Lower wings whitish. P. 352. Criseana. Wings grey-brown, the tip darker with a white marginal spot. Inhabits American Islands. Wings terminating in a white streak. P. 356. Sulphurana. Wings yellow with two indented oblique brown streaks and numerous flecks. Inhabits North America. Body yellow; abdomen white; lower wings snowy; beneath all white. Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. The first five descriptions do not, at present suggest to me any of our known species; by "American Islands," I assume the West Indies are meant, although Walsingham seems to have entirely overlooked these species in his two papers on West Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. The last is certainly a per- fect, condensed description of sulfur eana Clemens, and unless further evidence is forthcoming to prove the contrary. Dr. Turton or Fabricius will succeed Clemens as the author, but fortunately, with little change in name. Incidentally, it may be worth while for students in the Macro-Lepidoptera as well as in the lower Tineids to consult this work, as American refer- ences are not restricted to the Tortricids. Mr. A. Busck is responsible for the following change of name, and I am indebted to him for calling my attention to the error of Walker, which he discovered, while ex- amining Walker's American types in the British Museum. Platynota idaeusalis Walker. Hypena (?) idaeusalis Walk., Cat. Br. Mus., XIX, 839, 1859. Platynota sen tana Clem., Pr. A. N. Sci. Ph., 348, 1860. Tortrix sentana Rob., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. II, 277, 1869. Tortr. (Platyn.) sentana Zell., V. Z. b. Ges. Wien., XXV, 235, 1875. Bomolocha idaeusalis Dyar., Bull. 52, U. S. N. M., No. 3078, 1902. Platynota sentana Fern., Bull. 52, U. S. N. M., No. 5387, 1902. Bomolocha idaeusolis Smith, Smith's List, Lep. No. Am., No. 33111. 1903. Platynota sentana Kearf., Smith's List, Lep. No. Am., No. 5804, 1903. Prof. Smith suspected this species to belong to the Tortri- cidae as evidenced by foot-note on page 60 of his 1903 list. In Syst. Eleotheratorum, Tornus I, page 138, 1801, Fabricius uses the generic name Platynotus, as a genus in Coleoptera ; whether this invalidates Clemens' Platynota I prefer to leave to others, more skilled in generic nomenclature. SATYKTS PEC..M.A. Mr. Holland gives in his butterfly book on xxvi a picture of the female with two eye-spots. Finding that there are few flies with two eye-spots I caught a pair in coition and discovered that there are two kinds of females. One with two eye-spots and the other with one spot in the primaries. The latter one is more abundant. This insect is hard to catch, flying in zig-zag and alighting on trees.- CHAS. FAUST, Magnolia Springs, Baldwin Co., Ala. 58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '09 Notes on the Life-Histories of Certain Wood -Boring Lepidoptera. BY FRANCIS X. WILLIAMS, San Francisco, Cal. ( Plate \V.) Vespamina sequoia Hy. Edwards. In the Monterey pine forests at Carmel, Monterey Co., Cal., this insect was quite plentiful. Usually the resinous masses beneath which the larvae dwelt were not above the reach of the hand, and I think it quite probable that the insect takes advantage, as often as it may, of a wound in a pine trunk as a nidus in which to oviposit. Those nodules in or under which there are larvae are of soft consistency and exude resin; those containing pupae in their silk-lined tubes, or larvae about to pupate, may be known by their duller color, more generally even surface, and by the fact that the pitch has ceased to flow and the mass is somewhat hardened. As far as my observa- tions go there is but one insect to a nodule, except sometimes in those cases where an old mass of resin of considerable size has been utilized by two. The adult has quite an extended sea- son; pupae have been sent me at the end of March, 1908; the preceding year in May I reared a male; during June, 1908, I secured several more specimens ; and finally two emerged during September of the same year. Like most other borers, the pupa?, unless almost on the point of disclosing moths, will dry up and die if taken out of their chambers. Sesia mellinipennis Boisduval. This is a common Californian "Clear-wing," somewhat vari- able in markings and enjoying a wide range. The writer, while examining a large decumbent trunk of Ceanothus thrysi- fiorus in a canon a few miles south of Carmel, in June, 1908, found the larvae and a pupa of this insect, the former boring into the solid wood, the latter under the bark in a pupal cham- ber of particles of wood fastened together with silk. A sec- tion of the infested trunk was sawed off and taken to San Francisco, where in August I was rewarded with three fine moths. Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 50 Sesia polygon! Hy. Edwards. This pretty little red sesian is the only one I have found in San Francisco, and until this season has been considered quite rare here. Formerly I used to take two or three adults per sea- son, but this year the discovery of its larval food-plant yielded me a fair series of imagines. On the 7th of July, while hunting Lepidoptera a few miles south of San Francisco, in the Lake Merced region, I noticed a male 5. poly go ni rise heavily from a Polygonum paronychia, a prostrate perennial which forms a carpet over the sandy soil in which it grows. I netted this freshly hatched moth, and upon examining the plant found its crown badly infested with a borer, which proved to be poly- goni. However, the season for adults was rather past and but one or two larvae and pupae were procured here. On examining other Polygonum plants I found them very gener- ally infested. A majority of the moths had already emerged, but I found quite a number of pupae and some larvae. An in- fested plant was readily detected by the quantity of pale red- dish brown frass about the base, and frequently by its sickly appearance. Large plants sometimes contain two larvae apiece. The larva (Fig. 3) is quite slender; head brown; body dull dirty white, dorsal line dark, cervical shield weak, pale brown. Length of mature larva about 17 mm. The arrangement of the hairs and plates is shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The pupa is rather slender, pale brownish, with the more heavily chitinized portions darker, and as in other members of this family is armed with abdominal rows of spines and a pointed process over the head. Length 12 mm., width 3 mm. As the smaller stems of Polygonum frequently contain smaller mines (see Fig. i, upper portion), it is probable that the larvae first work their way downwards, often boring far down into the main root. Deserted galleries are found to be filled up with frass; this is probably done in a great measure when the larva prepares its pupal chamber. This is usually of considerable length, the longest measured is illustrated in Fig. I and is 55 mm. long. Others measured were 54, 53, 50, 45, 45, 41 and 35 mm. respectively. Small stems containing 60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '09 borings were mere shells. The pupal chamber, which is slightly wider than the pupa, is frequently curved, and extends underground for its greater length ; its lower end is usually the filled-up continuation of a gallery. The chamber is well lined with silk, and its upper end connecting with the exterior is closed with bits of frass, etc., secured together with silk. All the enlargements of this tube are carefully filled in. I obtained from larvae and pupse about 20 imagines, which emerged from July 8th to July 2Oth. Like Vespamina se- quoiae and other sesians, polygoni has a long season, and larvae of various sizes (though the majority of them well grown) were found in July and August. This pretty little species is beautifully illustrated in Beu- tenmuller's "Monograph of the Sesiidas of North America North of Mexico." The insect was described by Hy. Edwards ("Papilio," Vol. I, p. 202, 1881) from i male taken on Poly- gonum maritimum, San Miguel, Cal. Pterophorus baccharides Gr inn ell. This large pale-colored plume-moth has been recently de- scribed by Mr. Fordyce Grinnell, Jr. (Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XL, pp. 317-318, 19/08) from specimens reared by me from the stems of Baccharis pilularis in San Francisco. The insect is quite common here as well as at Stanford Uni- versity and at Carmel in Monterey Co., and probably has a wide coast distribution. The wood-boring habit of the larva is interesting, but not unique among the Pterophoridse. Description of a nearly mature larva (fig. 12). Head pale brown, darker about the mouth and along the sides, clypeus not reaching half way to vertex. Body of uniform thickness, somewhat depressed, shin- ing white, with slight creamy yellow tinge ventrad; cervical shield strong, pale brownish, with two transverse patches of small dark brownish tubercles, interspersed rather sparsely with hairs, the first patch the narrower. On the second and penultimate segments is a less developed patch. On each side of the dorsal line an irregular, rather broad and broken purple line; subdorsad a heavier, wider purple band; and below the brownish spiracles an indistinct geminate line of the same color, with an extended blotch just cephalad of each spiracle. Indications of another line below lateral fold. Body with sparse brownish hairs, ex- Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 6l cept on last segment where the heavily chitinized, dark brown anal plate is widely bordered with numerous dark hairs arising from small tubercles. This plate (fig. ) which occupies obliquely half the seg- ment contains a raised disc somewhat below its middle, bearing a pair of slightly upcurved chitinized processes. On this plate between and below the prongs are rough granulations. Feet dull white, with pale brown blotches; prolegs dull white, crochets semicircular. Length of mature larva 16 mm., width (at seg. 6) 2.75 mm. Described from fresh specimens, measurements from alco- ,holic material. Pupa. Slender, cylindrical, slightly narrowest above middle, color pale yellowish brown, darker at base of abdominal segments, and very dark brown at the obliquely truncate cephalic end, which is heavily armed with numerous little spines. Of these, there is a strong ridge of large ones at the base of each antenna above, and a smaller group on each shoulder. Brown hairs especially along dorsal edge of this area and on thorax and abdomen. On lower dorsal border of seg- ments 4, 5 and 6 of abdomen is a row of spines pointing obliquely cephalad, and on the remaining segments is a row pointing obliquely caudad. Somewhat below the lateral line of each of the spiny segments are other spines arranged in a row, on segments 4, 5, and 6 few, on the remaining segments becoming more numerous. Fused leg and wing tips free from body. Length 15-18 mm., width at thorax 2.80 mm. Described from alcoholic specimens. The larva bores a smooth cylindrical passage in the stem of Paccharis pilularis, and the oblique opening can be readily de- tected by the quantity of pale-colored frass on the ground be- low. The galleries may be in the smaller sterns or in the main trunk and at least partly above ground. On tall shrubs the caterpillar may be found working high up in the stems. Sev- eral parallel passages often occur in one stem, and are usually quite straight and almost invariably open on the under side of the branch. The pupa, which is very active, lies some distance from the bottom of the gallery, but may move considerably therein. The pupal chamber is not silk-lined. A short search in winter revealed no pupa; of this insect, but half-grown and nearly mature larvns were plentiful. The larval period, while not de- termined, must be of at least a year's duration. Adults were 62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '09 common in June and in September. The cocoons of a hymen- cpterous parasite were found in two galleries, but no adults have as yet been secured. EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. Fig. i. Pupa of Sesia polygonl. Fig. 2. Pupal chamber of S. polygonl in stem of Polygonum paronychia, Fig. 3. Sixth segment of larva of S. polygoni. Fig. 4. Extruded pupal shell of S. polygoni. Fig. 5. First two segments of larva of S. polygoni. Fig. 6. Larva of 5". polygoni. Fig: 7. Pupa of Pterophorus baccharides. Fig. 8. Caudal extremity of larva of P. baccharides showing anal plate. Fig. 9. Seventh segment of larva of P. baccharides. Fig. 10. Nearly mature larva of P. baccharides. Fig. II. First two segments of larva of P. baccharides. Fig. 12. Pupal chamber of P. baccharides. All figures except 2, 4 and 12 more or less enlarged ; figs. 2, 4 and 12 about natural size. The Butterflies and some of the Moths of the Mt. Shasta Region. * By FRANCIS X. WILLIAMS, San Francisco, Cal. The writer spent a portion of the summers of 1901, 1902, 1903 and 1907 near the little town of Castella, on the banks of the Upper Sacramento River, in the northwest portion of Shasta County. During the summer of 1901, few insects were captured and none preserved, as the writer did not then possess the "mania" for catching butterflies which he now has. In 1902, however, some real collecting was done, while in June and July of 1903, which was by far the best of the four sea- sons, a large number of species were taken. Although nearly two months of the summer of 1907 were spent in assiduously collecting Lepidoptera, fewer specimens were taken than in my shorter stay in 1903. This was probably due to the fact * The Sphingidae, Saturniidae, Arctiidae, Sesiidae and Hepialidae are given in full, other families of Heterocera represented in region under consideration are incompletely listed or omitted. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XX. Plate V. xirt^f., - ,-iv^ WAV; i -?.-'. .J t^-*^a-i WILLIAMS ON WOOD-BORING LEPIDOPTERA. Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 63 that in 1907 the summer was initiated by severe rain showers while the whole summer was exceptionally cool. Headquarters were established near Castella, only eight or nine miles south of Upper Soda Springs in Siskiyou County, where Henry Edwards and James Behrens collected Lepidop- tera for many seasons. From Castella several expeditions of from 13 to 25 miles into the mountains were made, and it was a pleasure indeed to leave the valley when butterflies were becoming ragged and warm to capture fresh and perfect specimens in the mountain meadows, which, barring Culicidae, are a source of delight to the entomologist. In the vicinity of Castella the steep wooded mountains draw close together and the valley becomes canon-like, so that in early summer insects alpine in habits are often found in the valley, which is here about 1,900 feet above the sea level. On the east side of the Sacramento is a range of mountains from 4000 to 6000 ft. high, beyond which is the McCloud River, and on the west are the higher Trinity Mountains ris- ing over 7000 ft. in several places, and terminating northward in Mt. Eddy, 9,151 ft. high. This range is the dividing line of Shasta and Trinity Counties, and is studded with small but beautiful glacial lakes, always in a protected hollow on the north slope of some rocky peak, and fed by its melting snows. Such lakes visited were Echo Lake, the principal source of Castle Creek, and situated at the base of the sharply conical Tamarack peak 7000 ft. high; Gumboot, Bluff. Picayune and Castle Lakes, the first three in Trinity and the last in Siskiyou County; and finally, three unnamed lakes in the former coun- ty, and giving rise to the east fork of the Trinity River flowing westward to join the Klamath near the ocean. A trip was made to Sisson to the north, and two to the swift blue McCloud River, from different points. Needless to say, all these locali- ties furnished a number of interesting Lepidoptera. C. Hart Merriam has made a careful study of the life zones represented on Mt. Shasta (see N. A. Fauna No. 16, U. S. 64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'OQ Dept. Agric. Div. Biol. Survey, 1899), and what he says of the zones there can as well be applied to the region about Cas- tella, only 21 miles south of the mountain. The Transition zone embraces the whole country about Mt. Shasta, except Shasta Valley to the northward (which is di- luted Upper Sonoran), and fills the McCloud and Pitt River Valley to the south and reaching into the mountains to an altitude of 5000 or 6000 ft. It consists chiefly of coniferous forests, which in the lower and more arid regions, are com- posed of Pinus ponder osa interspersed with other conifers, us Pseudotsuga mucronata and Libocedrus decurrens, which, how- ever, grow in moister places than the yellow pine and extend higher into the mountains. The black oak (Quercus calif orni- 07) is found with P. pondcrosa, Ta.vus brevifolia occurs along the river edges, while the sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana), Abies concolor loiviana are abundant about the middle or upper portions of the zone. Only one grove of B. attenuata was seen. The white fir (Chatnaecyparis lawsoniana) occurs in moist groves as far up as the Canadian zone. This is a less extensive zone than the first and characterized by forests of smaller conifers, etc. Restricted to this zone, which has a vertical height of about 2500 ft., is the Tamarack or lodge-pole pine (Pinus murrayana}, the White Mountain pine (Pinus monticola), and the Shasta fir (Abies shastensis). Among the shrubs Quercus vaccinifolia and Arctostaphylos uvaursi, both low spreading plants, were noted as belonging here. A Rhododendron with rose-tinged flowers was common in this zone growing along the lake margins and small creeks. The marshy mountain meadows form conspicuous green patches, often of large extent at one or both ends of the lakes, while dryer and more exposed portions of this zone have a more or less open growth of chaparral, with here and there a clearing, often carpeted with polygonaceous and other flowers. The Hudsonian zone was noted in the Trinity Mountains as small groves of alpine hemlock (Tsuga mertensiand) growing on the cool shaded sides of the highest ridges, at an altitude Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 65 of about 7000 ft. In the middle of July, 1907, many of these stunted and bent little conifers were still standing in two or three feet of snow, while on the south exposure of the same ridges one finds himself in barren or chaparral portions of the Canadian. Although plants characterize the zones better perhaps than do insects, yet a number of butterflies and some moths seemed quite restricted as regards their range. The Transition zone which contained the largest number of species was found to be characterized in its lower portion by Melitaea chalcedon and leanira. Cartcrocephalus palaemon, Pamphila agricola, pratin- cola, vestris and comma seemed strict residents of the Lower Transition, with Anosia plcxippus, Argynnis serene and mon- ticola, Hcterochroa bredowi, Thecla nelsoni, Chrysophanus gor- gon and Papilio rutulus seldom out of it. Papilio daunus by the way, always kept to the valley. Among the moths of the Lower Transition were Pholus achemon, Phlegathontius quinqucuiaciilata (celeus), Sphinx oreodaphne and sequoiae, Telea polyphemus, Saturnia mendocino, Sesia mellinipennis, rutilans and bchrensii. The "sooty gossamer-wing" (Satyriuni fuliginosa} was con- fined to the chaparral growth of the Upper Transition. Melitaea hoffmani, Chrysophanus zeroe and mariposa, a Lycacna allied to behrii, and Lycaena podarce were not ob- served outside of the Canadian zone. L podarce, always found in the meadows, is a very good criterion of this life area. The very limited Hudsonian had no butterflies peculiar to it, though Chionobas nevadcnsis was more common there than elsewhere. A large number of species of butterflies and moths can be found from the Lower Transition into the Canadian, but these are usually more common in some particular portion of one zone. A difficulty which the entomologist is apt to encounter in tracing out the zonal ranges of certain insects, if his hunting grounds are in a mountainous country and he arrive there in 66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '09 midsummer or late summer, is that the insects which he sees at high altitudes and appearing peculiar to that level, may in late spring or early summer frequent the valley region as well. This is true of Melitaea palla which practically disapears in the valley before July, but only commences to come out in the mountains in the Canadian zone when that month is well initiated. L saepiolus usually a resident of the Canadian, oc- curs sparingly in the valley at an early date. L. fulla and sagittigera, earlier in the valley were usually much later in the mountains. Parnassius clodius was seen on several occasions at 1900 ft. in June, but were just emerging at an altitude of 6000 ft. July 10. The June specimens must have emerged in the valley region, since there were none in the mountains at that date. Among the moths, Sphinx perelegans comes out about one month later at Echo Lake, altitude about 6500 ft., than it does in the valley, elevation 1900 ft. Alypia langtoni likewise is early in the valley and late in the mountains. The exquisite little Gyros mnirii was in fine condition at Echo Lake on July 10, 1907. On June 12, 1903 a hardly recognizable speci- men of this species was taken in the Castle Creek Canon, at an elevation of 2000 ft. PAPILIONOIDEA. 1. Anosia plexippus Linn. Quite common in 1907 in the valley where milkweed was abundant. A specimen from Echo Lake is quite a good deal darker in color than valley examples. 2. Argynnis leto Behr. Rare at Castella, but not uncommon at Sis- son further north. 3. Argynnis oweni Edw. Not rare in the mountain meadows in July and August, flying also in the uppermost Transition in the more tree- less areas. This is strictly a mountain form; the type locality of the species is Mt. Shasta, elevation 7,500 ft. (Owen). 4. Argynnis serene Bdv. The most common "fritillary" of the reg- ion, and confined chiefly to the valley where it flies with the following species. 5. Argynnis monticola Behr. Quite common, the larger var. pur- purasccns Hy. Edw. rarer. Zerenc and monticola were just putting into appearance when my brother and I reached Castella at the end of June in 1907. The males come out earlier than the females, and both sexes are very fond of feeding at the flowers of Apocynum androsae- mifolium var. pumilum, a small plant common by the roadside. The Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 67 blossoms of these plants fail before the summer is past, and the Argyn- nis are then contented with the late-blooming monardellas. Early in August female monticola and serene could be seen flying about the hills in a faded condition, once in a while alighting among the dead leaves to oviposit. There is considerable doubt as to whether A. monticola and serene are really two distinct species. 6. Argynnis coronis Behr. But a single female example captured. A few others seen near the McCloud River. 7. Argynnis rupestris Behr. Not a common insect; in the valley. 8. Argynnis epithore Bdv. Quite common in the Canadian zone, espe- cially about the meadows. Occurs sparingly and earlier in the valley. g. Melitaea chalccdon Db. and Hew. Very abundant in the valley region in June and early July. Numbers of these insects congregated about moist sandy spots along the McCloud River where they could be picked up with forceps. The yellow bands on the under side of the wings of Shasta chalccdon average distinctly paler than in specimens taken about San Francisco. A small colony of Melitaea larvae found aestivating under a board on August gth probably belonged to this species. 10. Melitaea pallet Bdv. This very variable species was taken both at high and low altitudes. Male specimens from the Shasta Canadian zone are much blacker basally than males from the San Francisco bay region. The females may be "foxy red to blackish with all intergrades." This was noted by Hy. Edwards, Behr and probably by others, and the specimens described by Wright in his "Butterflies of the West Coast" as eremita n. sp. is the dark form of females, which occurs both in northern and central California. n. Melitaea hoffmani Behr. Rather rare and taken in the mountain meadows. 12. Melitaea leanira Bdv. Not plentiful and always in the valley region. 13. Phyciodes pratensis Behr. Fairly abundant; usually in the Transi- tion, but also found in the Canadian Zone. 14. Phyciodes mylitta Edw. Rather common ; Echo Lake speci- mens taken at an altitude of 6,600 ft. are quite dark. 15. Grapta satyrus Edw. The commonest Grapta of the region, but not plentiful at that. 16. Grapta faimus Edw. Rare. 17. Grapta zcphyrus Edw. Rather rare. A worn specimen taken at Echo Lake, July 12, 1907, may have hibernated. Larva on Rhodo- dendron. 18. Vanessa antiopa Linn. Common enough and unrestricted in its range. 19. Vanessa californica Bdv. Fairly swarming in June and July, 1902, but rare in 1907. This species is noted for its erratic movements. 68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '09 20. Pyrameis caryae Hbn. Noted at Echo Lake, July, 1907. 21. Pyrameis cardui Linn. Noted at Echo Lake, July, 1907. 22. Junonia coenia Hbn. A common insect of the lower levels. 23. Limenitis lorquini Bdv. Quite common, especially in the valley. 24. Heterochroa bredowii Hbn. Rather abundant. 25. Coenonympha brenda Edw. Specimens from Shasta County cor- respond to brenda, as illustrated in Wright's book, but do not agree so well with Edwards' description of the species. Common in August in grassy localities in the valley. 26. Satyrus ariane Bdv. Common in July about wooded hillsides. There is much variation in my series of the species, but they all seem referable to ariane. 27. Satyrus silvestris Edw. Commoner perhaps than the preceding species and usually occurring at higher elevations. Silvestris has a curious habit of alighting on pine trunks, out of the reach of a net. 28. Chionobas nevadcnsis Feld. This is the same as Boisduval's californica, which he reports as occurring on high mountains at the snow line. I took nevadcnsis in the Upper Canadian and in the Hud- sonian Zone about Echo Lake at the end of July in 1902, when it was not uncommon. No trace of it was seen in 1907, however. It is not an easy insect to capture, and it is with difficulty that it can be "scooped off" the boulders on which it sits, all on the alert. 29. Thecla grunus Bdv. Common, especially about Quercus chryso- lepis. Taken in the Canadian Zone, but more plentiful at lower levels. 30. Thecla halesus Cram. This gorgeous insect was taken only twice ; in the valley region in June, 1903. It is essentially a southern species, but is probably well established in Shasta County, where its food plant mistletoe occurs on the black oak. 31. Thecla m-album Bd. & Lee. A single worn female, June, 1903. Boisduval in his "Lepidopteres de la Californie" reports it from the extreme southern portion of California. 32. Thecla melinus Hbn. Rather rare; in the valley. 33. Thecla californica Edw. Quite plentiful along the stream mar- gins. A number of pupae shells girdled to the underside of stones in the vicinity of willows probably belonged to this species. 34. Thecla saepium Bdv. A very common insect along the Sacra- mento River in July, where it frequents the blossoms of a species of Clematis. 35. Thecla nelsoni Bdv. Not very plentiful and coming out rather early in summer. In the valley in June. 36. Thecla iroides Bdv. Common and widespread. 37. Thecla eryphon Bdv. But two specimens taken ; one rather fresh, female, in the pine woods in early July, 1903, and a faded female cap- tured on alpine hemlock, Echo Lake, July 12, 1907. This insect also occurs in southern California. I have seen a specimen from Monterey and have taken it on Mt. Tamalpais in Marin County. Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 69 38. Thecla dumetorum Bdv. Not rare, especially in open stony places in the Canadian Zone. Have found the larva on a species of Eriogo- nuin in San Francisco. While my female specimens from the latter locality have at most an obscure bronze tinge, those taken at Echo Lake are very bronzy. 39. Chrysophanus virginiensis Edw. A common "copper" along the banks of the McCloud River at the end of July, 1907, and occurring also high up the Castle Creek Canon in July and August of the same year. 40. Chrysophanus gorgon Bdv. Partial to the more open dry spots along Castle Creek, the Sacramento River, where Eriogonum abounded. The females vary much in intensity of markings. Commonest in July, 1903. 41. Chrysophanus mxriposa Reak. Never abundant and always well in the Canadian Zone, where they are in season at the end of July. 42. Chrysophanus zeroe Bdv. Likewise a mountain species and some- what rarer than the preceding. Several males and females taken at the end of July. 43. Chrysophanus helloides Bdv. Fairly plentiful in the valley. 44. Satyrium fuliginosa Edw. Peculiar to the Upper Transition, and flying about chaparral. The flight is swift and much like that of a Theclid. Almost all my specimens of fuliginosa were caught in July, 1903, about the base of the Gray Rocks on the south side of Castle Creek. 45. Lycaena heteronea Bdv. Rather common and often in company with C. gorgon. Its food plant is probably also Eriogonuin. Sometimes taken in the Upper Transition. The females vary somewhat in color and have the wings sometimes shot with blue. Common in July. 46. Lycaena fulla Edw. Rather common in early summer in the valley, later in the mountains. 47. Lycaena, saepiolns Bdv. Likewise found in the valley in June, but its real habitat is the Canadian meadows, where it is abundant enough in the latter part of July. In the Shasta region the females are not in the least blue, being dusky, with a more or less distinct fulvous band on the upper side of the secondaries, often with a trace of the same on the primaries. 48. Lycaena behrii Edw. Only taken at Echo Lake in the Canadian Zone, June 22, 1903, and July 12, 1907. I have called this insect behrii not being able to place it elsewhere. It differs from the typical behrii as described by Edwards, and which is common about San Francisco bay in March and April. This latter insect has the underside of both wings dark brownish gray and the female on the upperside is almost entirely fuscous. In the male the color on the upperside is "glossy lilac- blue," with the hind margins of both wings fuscous. In the specimens from Echo Lake, the male lacks the lilac tinge and the margins are 70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'OQ more narrowly dusky, while the underside in both sexes is of a pale gray color, the pupilled spots are smaller than in typical bchrii, with those of the secondaries usually proportionally smaller. The female is shot with blue on the upperside to the outer three-fourths or more. It appears more nearly related to the southern polyphemus. A speci- men from Mt. Diablo much resembles those from Shasta. 49. Lycaena sagittigcra Feld. A rather rare insect, most frequently seen about Echo Lake in July, 1907. 50. Lycaena podarce Feld. Confined to the Canadian meadows, where it is quite plentiful and can be readily bottled from the flowers during cloudy weather. It is on the wing somewhat earlier than sacpiolus. 51. Lycaena enoptes Bdv. Some of the males of this species have some orange at the anal angle of the secondaries, but most lack it. The females are all fuscous, with a more or less distinct orange band on the secondaries. There is much variation in size in enoptes, and they do not resemble the enoptes figured in Wright's book. I have found the species both in the Canadian and Lower Transition Zones in the Shasta region. 52. Lycaena anna Edw. Rather common and always in moist weedy localities, perhaps commonest in elevated regions. 53. Lycaena acmon Db. & Hew. Common and occurring at all ele- vations visited. This species varies much in size and intensity of coloration. My smallest male, from the McCloud River, expands 17.5 mm., while my largest female, from the Canadian Zone of the Trinity Mountains, has an alar expanse of 31 mm. My females from the Shasta region are all of the brownish variety, with very little suffusion of blue. Two males from Echo Lake have the marginal fuscous band wider than ordinary. I have reared adults from larvae feeding on Eriogonum and Hosakia. 54. Lycaena piasus Bdv. A very common insect and the "blue" most frequently seen congregated about moist spots. At all elevations. 55. Lycaena comyntas Godt. Common in the valley in July. 56. Lycaena amyntiila Bdv. Likewise in the valley, but rarer than the preceding species. 57. Neophasia mcnapia Feld. Common in the coniferous forests and not often descending into the valley. 58. Pieris sisymbri Bdv. Only taken about Echo Lake in July. Its habitat appears to be in the mountains. 59. Pieris occidentalis Reak. In the valley ; rare. 60. Anthocharis lanccolata Bdv. An early butterfly, and only seen in the valley, where its food-plant, Sisymbrium officinale, grew. Sev- eral faded examples of this butterfly were taken early in June, 1903; and in early July, 1907, some belated larvae were found. Two perfect examples secured from overwintering pupae emerged in May and June, 1908. Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 71 6r. Anthocharis creusa Db. & Hew. Found with P. sisymbri, but rarer. 62. Anthocharis sara Bdv. i male taken in 1903. 63. Colias eurytheme Bdv. Common and at all elevations. The al- bino females plentiful. 64. Colias chrysomelas Hy. Edw. Rather rare, especially so in 1907. In the valley and canons in July. 65. Parnassius clodius, Men. A common insect at proper elevations. In the mountains in July. 66. Parnassius smintheus var. hennodur Hy. Edw. Perhaps rarer than the preceding, with which it flies in the Canadian Zone. 67. Papilio pliilenor Linn. None taken, but several old specimens ob- served about Castella. Not rare in lower Shasta County on the flowers of buckeye (Aesculus californica). 68. Papilio zolicaon Bdv. Rather common, except in 1907. Both red and yellow banded larvae of this species were noticed. Found most commonly on mountain summits. Shasta specimens appear finer than those from the San Francisco bay region. 69. Papilio indra Reak. A rare and rather early insect, taken on the Sacramento and McCloud Rivers. There is some variation in the length of the tails in this Papilio. 70. Papilio eurymedon Bdv. A common insect in the valley and on the mountains. The larva of this species was found feeding on Rham- nns californica and two species of Ccanothus. The larva of this and of the following two species, when about to pupate, change from green to chocolate-brown. Eurymedon pupae may be brown or greenish in color. A female reared from a larva emerged April 29, 1908. 71. Papilio rutulus Bdv. Commoner than the preceding species and usually restricted to the valley region. On a moist sandy spot on the banks of the McCloud River, Papilio rutulus and eurymedon congre- gated in numbers, in company with numerous M. chalcedon, L. piasus and others. A single stroke of the net bagged a number of the swal- lowtails. The imperfect specimens were killed and arranged on the sand and boulders with the effect of attracting other Papilios, flying downstream. These, pausing to view their slaughtered brethren, were readily captured, and thus a fine series of perfect specimens, all males, were taken. 72. Papilio daunus Bdv. This fine insect was found to be rather soli- tary in its habits and difficult to capture, especially in first-class condi- tion. It is partially double-brooded, the spring adults appearing in May and June, and the summer ones in late July and early August. At the end of June both young and mature larvae of daunus were ob- served feeding on Cerasus demissa. Several imagines were reared from these larvae and emerged in early August, while other pupae hibernated. The larva is much larger than that of eurymedon, being 72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., *OQ lighter green, often with a yellowish tinge, and attaining a length of about 2 inches. 73. CartcrocepJnilns palaemon Pall. Rare; in the valley in June. 74. Pamphila juba var. viridis Edw. One female at Dunsmuir, August 6, 1907; one female, Echo Lake, July 12, 1907. 75. Pamphila comma Linn. A few males on the McCloud River in July, 1907. 76. Pamphila agricola Bdv.* Rather common in the valley and often associated with the following species. 77. Pamphila pratincola Bdv.* Common. 78. Pamphila siris Edw.* Not uncommon in the valley and often associated with vestris. In June and July in the Transition Zone. One male, Trinity County, 6,000 ft., August 15, 1907. 79. Pamphila vestris Bdv.* Not rare in marshy spots, on mountain sides at low altitude, and in similar situations in the valley. Fresh in June. 80. Amblyscirtes vialis Edw. Rare, only two specimens taken. It is not, so far as I am aware, supposed to be Californian. 81. Pyrgus tesscllata Scudd. A common insect. 82. Pyrgus caespitalis Bdv. Rarer ; usually more abundant in the mountains. 83. Thanaos persins Scudd.* Quite common at all altitudes. It is fond of frequenting moist situations. 84. Thanaos propertins Lint. Common, with about the same distri- bution as the preceding species. 85. Eudamus pylades Scudd. Rather rare. 86. Eudamus aemilea Skinner. Three males and one female, Echo Lake, July 12, 1907. It is a rare and wily species here. 87. Eudamus tityrus Fabr. Not uncommon, especially in the valley. One fine male obtained from an overwintering pupa emerged May 21, 1908. HETEROCERA. 1. Hemaris thetis Bdv. Rare in Shasta County, where a few speci- mens were taken feeding at Asclepias blossoms. 2. Lepisesia clarkiae Bdv. Quite common in the valley in early June, 1903, feeding at the flowers of Brodiaea, Rhododendron and Asclepias. The insect (which flies shortly before noon until late afternoon) is evidently in full season in May, but flies in March in Marin County. Specimens from the latter place are much more difficult to capture than the Shasta specimens, which average smaller in size and are of a greener color. The eggs are laid upon the leaves of Clarkia, Godctia and Epilobium sp. The larva, which has no anal horn, is pale greenish in the first three instars and brownish in the last, being darkest on * Identified by Dr. Henry Skinner. Feb., '09] ENTOMor.onicAT. NEWS. 73 the dorsum to the subdorsal line; the stigmata are in subtriangular blackish areas. The pupa has no protruding tongue case. 3. Deilephila chamoenerii Harris. I saw a fine specimen of this sphinx caught by Mr. J. E. Cottle near Castella in 1903. 4. Deilephila lineata Fabr. A very common hawk-moth here, both in the valley and in the mountains. 5. Pholus achenion Dru. Quite abundant in July. Taken at the flowers of Oenothera and Rhododendron. Larva on wild grape. 6. Phlegethontius quinqucmaculata Haw. Moderately common and feeding at the flowers of Oenothera. 7. Sphinx drupiferarum S. & A. Rare ; only a few worn specimens taken. In June in the valley. 8. Sphinx perelcgans Hy. Edw. Fairty abundant, coming out very much later in the season in the mountains than in the valley. Taken at Rhododendron and Oenothera blossoms. A handsome Sphinx larva found feeding on a species of Arctostaphylos most probably belonged to this species. 9. Sphinx oreodaphne Hy. Edw. Considerably smaller in size than the eastern chersis. Larva on Oregon ash. Confined to the valley, where it is not uncommon. 10. Sphinx seqitoiac Bdv. An abundant insect in the valley region aboTit Castella, and, owing to its short haustellum, feeding almost ex- clusively at the flowers of Asclepias. Larva on Cerasus dcmissa. Pupa without protruding tongue case. 11. Smerinthus opthalmicus Bdv. Not rare, and occurring up to the Canadian Zone. Larva on Salix. 12. Attacus ceanothi Behr. Plentiful. Adults darker than coast speci- mens from central California. The larva commonly feeds upon Rham- nus californica and Ceanothus sp., but I have received a specimen from Carmel, Monterey County, which was feeding on Pinus radiata, while in Shasta County I have found a single larva on Pscudotsuga mucro- nata (Douglass spruce), etc., a number on Salix and Arctastaphylos sp. 13. Telea polyphemus Cram. Fairly common in the valley. 14. Calosaturnia mendocino Behrens. The larva of this species was not uncommon in July, 1903, feeding on several species of Arctostaphy- los. Several fine adults were reared. I could find but two larvae of this fine moth in 1907. 15. Pscudoliazis shastaensis Behr. This is a common insect of the chaparral region, and its rapid irregular flight makes it a difficult moth to capture. Flying as it does over the brush, its wings are usually scratched and torn. The best way to procure specimens of this moth is to get up early and hunt up an unmated female, cage her and await the sunshine. The females are not easy to find and are detected ordi- narily by the males which hover about her. When caged and placed in a chaparral area where the species abounds, males are not slow in 74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '09 approaching the cage, always from the lea side, however, and usually flutter madly about the cage. A particularly fine and desirable varia- tion, however, appears to be aware of his value to the entomologist and gives the place a wide berth. Over fifty perfect and a large number of imperfect males were captured by means of imprisoned fe- males. Among them were several very black specimens and a few beautiful denudata. The males cease flying at about 3.30 P. M., when they alight in the brush, and a trip up the mountain slope in the late afternoon often repays one for his efforts. The females are sluggish, easily captured, but more rarely seen. In Shasta the insects hibernate as pupae, but in the vicinity of San Francisco as ova. 16. Ctenucha multifaria Wlk. Fairly common. 17. Leptarctia California Wlk. Common. 18. Dlacrisia vagans Bdv. Common. 19. Isia Isabella S. & A. Rare; only two specimens taken. 20. Platyprepia virginalis Bdv. A common valley species. The var. guttata Bdv. also plentiful. 21. Apantesis incorrupta Hy. Edw. Not rare. 22. Euchaetias oregonensis Stretch. Quite common in the valley. The very active larva of this species feeds on Apocynum androsaemi- folium var. punulum, a small plant growing along roadsides, etc. The mature larva (July 17, 1907) is 1.05 inch long, head light brown, body pale yellow, clothed with paler, clay-yellow hairs, longest at the caudal extremity of the larva. It spins a weak cocoon composed of a little silk and its hairs. One adult reared from a 1907 larva hatched June 3, 1908. 23. Halisidota maculata var. agassisii Pack. Not rare. 24. Halisidota argentata Pack. Common. The race sobrlna of the coast region of California is quite a pest of the Monterey pine (P. radiata}, in Monterey County. 25. Gnophaela vermiculata G. & R. Not rare in the valley. 26. Alypia langtonii Cooper. Common at Echo Lake in July. Larva on Godetia sp. 27. Melaporphyria oregona Hy. Edw. A few specimens of this alert insect taken at Echo Lake, July, 1907. 28. Gyros muirii Hy. Edw. Rather rare; in the same locality as the preceding. 29. Drasteria erechtea Cram. A common insect in grassy localities at low elevations. 30. Drasteria caerulca Grt. Common. 31. Euclidia cuspidca Hbn. Common. 32. Syneda adumbrata Behr. The commonest Syneda of the region. 33. Syneda edwardsii Behr. Not rare. 34. Syneda sp. A rather large species taken at Echo Lake, July 1907. Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NFXVS. 75 35. Litocala sexsiynata Harvey. Echo Lake, June, 1903. 36. Catocala aholibah Streck. Not rare in the wooded canons. 37. Catocala stretchii Behr. One specimen taken in August, 1907, seems referable to this species. 38. Mcmythrus robiniae Hy. Edw. One specimen. 39. Vespamina sequoiae Hy. Edw. This handsome species was found infesting Pinus poiiderosa and attenuata. 40. Sanninoidea opalascens Hy. Edw. One female. 41. Albuna pyramidalis Wlk. One male. 42. Sesia incllinipennis Bdv. In August, flying about black oak. 43. Sesia rutilans Hy. Edw. Common, at flowers and about black- berry vines. 44. Sesia novaroensis Hy. Edw. One female flying at the base of a young spruce tree. 45. Sesia behrensii Hy. Edw. Fairly common in dry stony areas along streams, where it was taken on polygonaceous flowers. 46. Hepialus behrensii Stretch (?). One pair taken in the moun- tains in July. They seem closer to behrensii than to anything else. 48. Hepialus lenzi Behr. Nine specimens of this little "ghost-moth" taken at Echo Lake, July, 1907, besides several taken in the valley at an earlier date in 1903. < Two New North American Phloeothripidae. CORRECTIONS. In my recent article published in ENT. NEWS, Vol. XX, No. i, pp. 28-32, under the above title, the following printer's errors have been noticed : Page 29, line 19 : "5, i-ixi; 6, i-ixi" should read "5, i-i + i; 6, i-i+i." " " 2 of measurements : "1.47 mm." should read ".147 mm." " " 5 of foot-note : "5, i-ixi" should read "5, i-i+i." Page 30, line i of key : "Head one-quarter as long as wide" should read "Head 1.4 times as long as wide." Page 31, line 5 : "backish" should read "blackish." " 6 : "5, n+i; 6, ii-fi" should read "5, i-i + i; 6, I-I-M." " " i of measurements: before "length .27 mm." insert "head." It was the intention of the writer that the figures be inserted in the text, and hence they were left unnumbered. They should be numbered as follows : upper left hand corner, 4 ; upper middle i ; lower middle, 3; remaining figure, 2. J. DOUGLAS HOOD. MR. HENRY ENGEL has published A Preliminary List of the Lepidop- tera of Western Pennsylvania, Collected in the Vicinity of Pittsburgh (reprinted from the Annals of the Carnegie Museum, Vol. V, No. i, 1908). This is an important communication and will stimulate interest among the collectors of the State. There are 1439 species, and 68 varieties making a total of 1507. In conjunction with Mr. Laurent's list and the list of diurnals published by Skinner and Aaron, from the Eastern part of Pennsylvania, we have a good foundation for future work. 76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '09 A New Catocala from Arizona. By C. R. BIEDERMAN. C. werneri. $. Head gray; thorax dull gray, central portion longitudinally brownish. Collar anteriorly marked by an angulate white line, edged with black on either side. Patagium gray edged with black. Abdomen rather short, dull yellow, brownish toward apex which is abruptly pointed. Superiors gray, flesh tint to brownish slate color. Transverse anterior line black, shaded brown on basal side, upper part distinct, lower covered by a large saddle-shaped patch of blackish brown, which takes up one-half the wing area, commencing near the hind angle along the inner margin to within 3 mm. of base, and extending upwards until it nearly covers the subreniform, basal dash black, light gray shade upper side, basal line black, joining basal dash imperfectly. Transverse posterior line black, shaded with brown anteriorly, extends about 4 mm. when covered by blackish patch. Tooth near cell, short, two equal points, obscured by dark patch. Reniform dark brown, disk light bluish gray, irregular, three dark spots give the appearance of a human face ; second- aries medium, vermilion red ; median band black, irregular obtuse angulate, fusing with brown basal shade at inner margin, marginal band black, slightly irregular; five distinct spurs at anal angle, narrow, turns upward and joins median band; fringes fade to light straw color at extreme edge. Expanse 51 mm. Distinguishing features : first the dark patch resembling' a saddle the horn of which is formed by the upper part of the transverse anterior line, the end of the seat is elongated up- ward to the apex; second, the human face-like reniform. Habitat. Huachuca Mountains, altitude 8,000 feet. June The Ottawa Naturalist has published a special Memorial Number* as a tribute to Dr. James Fletcher, under a committee specially ap- pointed by the Council of the Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club, consist- ing of Mr. Arthur Gibson (acting editor), Mr. W. H. Harrington and Mr. F. T. Shutt. These loving tributes to our dear friend tell to others what a truly great and able man he was. The appended list of his writings show an unusual industry, the more remarkable when we think of his many other activities. ABOUT the middle of May the Hawaiian Board of Agriculture and Foresty hope to be in a position to engage an assistant entomologist. They want an economic entomologist inclined to take up Coleoptera or Parasitic Hymenoptera as a specialty and one good at laboratory and field work. Their equipment and library are good, salary $1500.00- $1800.00 per annum, depending upon the man. The climate of Hawaii is- unexcelled and opportunities good. Correspondence might be opened now. State age, schools, experience; also give references. Address JACOB KOTINSKY, Superintendent of Entomology, Board of Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu, Hawaii. , No. 10, Jan., 1909. Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 77 Some Corrections in Somatochlora (Odonata Dragonflies). By E. B. WILLIAMSON. In the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, April, 1906, pp. 136-138, Plates V. and VI., I published some notes and figures of species of Somatochlora. Since that time M. Martin's Cordu- lines, Coll. Zool. du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps, has been published ; and this and correspondence with Dr. Calvert and the examination of other material show some serious er- rors in my earlier paper. M. Martin's figures of S. hudsonica are of a species entirely unknown to me, and all that is said in my paper under this name refers to septentrionalis. In fact, I so named Dr. Atkinson's Newfoundland specimens, and they still bear this label, the change in my MS. being made when I discovered in the Harvey collection a male specimen of a dif- ferent species labelled septentrionalis. It now appears that the Harvey specimen should be referred to franklini. This is the specimen listed under No. 72, p. 9, in Professor Harvey's Catalogue and Bibliography of the Odonata (Dragonflies) of Maine, University of Maine, Studies No. 4, published after Professor Harvey's death. Professor Harvey's first reference to the species is in the ENT. NEWS., November, 1901, p. 275. In the Harvey material in my collection is a teneral female of the same species, taken at Orono, Maine, June 2, 1899, Bar- tie Harvey. This specimen has the vulvar lamina and wings as described by de Selys and Hagen for franklini. Hence in Professor Harvey's papers and in my paper all notes and fig- ures under septentrionalis refer to franklini. The necessity for these corrections have been known to Dr. Calvert and my- self for some time, and my attention was first called to them in a letter from Dr. Calvert. M. Martin, in his paper mentioned above, on p. 25, under S. franklini, quoted de Selys' description, in Syn. des Cordulines, of the male appendages of S. septen- trionalis. This description, so quoted, if my present determin- ations are correct, is gravely misleading. In fact neither de Selys or Hagen ever described the male of franklini, and there is no evidence that either knew it. Hagen, in his Syn. Od. /8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '09 America, 1875, adds Saskatchewan River to its range, but the material for this record is not mentioned. Recently at Urbana, Illinois, through the kindness of Mr. C. A. Hart, I examined the dragonflies in the Bolter collection, now the property of the University of Illinois ; and we found there five males and two females of a Somatochlora, all labelled Duluth, Minn., which are decidedly interesting in this connec- tion. The appendages of the male agree with those of Har- vey's male of franklini, fig. I. pi. V., of my earlier paper, and the individuals from the two localities are otherwise very simi- lar. However, I believe they are distinct, and the differences are pointed out in the following description : Somatochlora macrotona n. sp. Abdomen, including appendages, $ 41-42, 9 40-41 ; hind wing $ 27- 28, 9 26-27. In both franklini and macrotona the $ appendages suggest forcipata and semicircularis, and in the two species, franklini and macrotona, are indistinguishable so far as I can determine. As in franklini the basal spot on the hind wings in the $ is small and extends no farther than the anal loop, and may extend only slightly and indistinctly beyond the anal triangle. In macrotona this spot is paler, but the specimens may be faded by exposure to light. The only differences I am able to detect betweeen the males of the two species are in the length of the abdomen (41-42 in macrotona as compared with 36-37 in franklini}, and the relative robustness of the head (7 wide in macrotona, 6.5 in franklini). The 9 shows the same great difference in length of abdomen when compared with franklini (40-41 in macrotona, 33 in franklini}, and leaves no doubt as to which species deSelys had before him. The head, as in the $ , is wider than in franklini. . Moreover, the female appen- dages of macrotona are 3 long, as compared with 2 in franklini.. In both species the vulvar lamina is a dish-shaped ellipse, reaching the end of the ninth abdominal segment. But on the second segment of the two females of macrotona genital lobes fully half as large as those of the male of the same species are developed. I know of no such develop- ment in any other species of Somatochlora. At first glance I thought the apical abdominal appendages of a female specimen had been attached by some careless student to a male individual. It is altogether unlikely that de Selys could have overlooked such a character in the two examina- tions he made of the 9 type of franklini in the British Museum (the specimen later incorporated in his own collection). The type $ and $ of macrotona are in the Bolter Collection, University of Illinois, Ur- bana. Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 79 Some venational characters of the $ and 9 of franklini and the 5 $ and 2? of macrotona have been noted. The subtriangle in hind wing is present in all. In both species M4 and Cm in front wing are strongly convergent, never more than 2 rows of cells between these veins beyond the first row of post trigonal cells, excepting occasionally at the extreme wing margin where there may be from i to 3 small cells. This character is valuable in defining groups within this genus. There is considerable variation in the distal end of the anal loop, due to the weakness of the enclosing veins, and the width at the extreme apex may vary from 2 to 4 cells. Other venational characters may be tabulated for clearness. These characters are given without any implication that specific vena- tional differences exist between the two species. In the two the size of the wings is nearly the same, franklini being possibly I shorter. Macrotona has the longest abdomen, relative to alar expanse, of any species of Somatochlora. CHARACTERS Macrotona. d 9 Franklini. ef 9 Triangle front wing followed by 2 rows of cells 3 4 2 2 Triangle front wing followed by 3 rows of cells 7 Triangle hind wing followed by 2 rows of cells 8 4 2 2 Triangle hind wing followed by 3 rows of cells 2 Triangle front wing without cross-vein (open) 4 Triangle front wing with cross-vein 6 4 2 2 Triangle hind wing without cross-vein (open) 6 2 I Triangle hind wing with cross-vein 4 2 2 I i with 6. 8 " 7. 1 " 8. 3 with 6. i 7- i with 7. i with 6. i " 8. i " 7. Postnodals front wing 2 with 4. 4 ' 5- 3 :: 6 - i 7- 4 with 5. i with 7. 2 with 6. Antenodals hind wing 9 with 5. I ' 4. 4 with 4. 2 with 5. 2 with 4. Postnodals hind wing 3 with 6. 6 " 7. i " 8. i with s- 3 6. 2 with 8. 2 with 6. 8O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '09 The Distribution of the North American Species of Phytonomus (Coleoptera). BY R. L. WEBSTER, Ames, Iowa. The home of the genus Phytonomus seems to be in eastern Europe, or the western part of Asia, since in that portion of the world are found the largest number of species. In this genus, and in its close ally, the European genus Hypcra, a large number of species have been described by European systematists from eastern Europe and western Siberia, so there is little doubt that the home of the genus may safely be placed in that part of the world. There are eleven species of this genus listed as occurring in North America, and the most common of these are Phytono- mus punctatus Fab., P. nigrirostris Gyll., and P. compius Say. The first two species are of European origin, having been im- ported into this country, where they are seriously injurious to clover. The last, P. comptus, seems to be a native North American species. The remaining eight species are scattered ; each with a comparatively narrow range of distribution. One of these, Phytonomus rumicis Linn., another European species, has also been found in Massachusetts, where it is attempting to gain a foothold along the coast. In the Bolter collection of Coleoptera at the University of Illinois are eight specimens of this species taken at Nantucket Island, Mass., on vetch. Bar- gagli reports P. rumicis as occurring in northern Europe feed- ing on Rumex. Phytonomus punctatus is commonly known as the "clover leaf weevil," because of its injury to clover, both in the larval and adult forms. It was described by LeConte as P. opirnns, but LeConte's specimens were clearly the European punctatus. In 1881 the insect was noticed in New York, where it caused considerable injury to clover. Since that time the beetle has gradually worked westward, making its first appearance in the clover fields. In June and July, 1891, it had reached Alle- gheny County, Pennsylvania (Hamilton), and in June, 1893, it was found at Wooster, Ohio (F. M. Webster). In 1904 Feb., '09] i:\TOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 8l the beetle was very numerous in clover fields in the vicinity of Urbana, Illinois. There is one specimen in the old Lugger collection at the University of Minnesota labeled from Wis- consin. Dr. Fletcher reported it from Ontario, in the vicinity of Lake Ontario. To the south the species extends into North Carolina. A single isolated occurrence of this species is at Victoria, B. C., where a few specimens were collected by a correspondent of Dr. Fletcher's. According to Hamilton the beetle is found from the southeastern part of western Siberia, westward over all Europe, even into Barbary. While the occurrence in Brit- ish Columbia is probably an isolated outbreak, due to an arti- ficial importation, there remains a possibility that the insect may be found in eastern Siberia and Alaska, and in this way connect up the distribution with Asia. Phytonomus nigrirostris is also a species imported from Europe, but its range in North America is not so wide as that of the preceding species. It is apparently still close along the eastern coast, from Nantucket Island, Mass. (Bolter collection) to New Brunswick (Fletcher), although Schwarz reports it from Michigan. Dr. Fletcher reported this species more abundant and more destructive to clover than Phytonomus punctatus. The species P. comptus seems to be indigenous. I have found only records from North America, and most of these from the Mississippi valley. In the Bolter collection are speci- mens from Illinois, Missouri, Lake Superior and New York. Other records are: Indiana (F. M. Webster), Iowa (Wick- ham), Colorado Springs and Dixon Canons (Wickham), Cin- cinnati, Ohio, and District of Columbia. LeConte also records Canada. LeConte and also Bargagli cite P. elongatus Gyll. (Payk) as occurring in Greenland. In the Bolter collection there is a single specimen under this name from Northern Illinois. It is doubtful, however, that this is the correct determination of the specimen. With LeConte's original description of Phyto- nomus castor, Canada is given as a locality for its occurrence. 82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '(X) No other records of the species were found. P. eximius Lee., like P. comptus, is a central North American species. It has been found at Topeka, Kansas (Popenoe), Texas and Illinois (Bolter). LeConte's P. se tiger us was described from Kansas specimens, but I have found no other record of this species. Phytonomus quadricollis Lee. has rather a higher range of al- titude than the other species, according to the records of its occurrence. LeConte described the species from Dakota, and the Bolter collection contains specimens from Yukon, Las Vegas, New Mexico and Wyoming. Phytonomus pubicollis Lee and P. seriatus Mann, are northwestern species. LeConte gives Vancouver Island as the source of his type specimen. The Lugger collection contains a single specimen, labeled from Alaska, which I have determined as this species. Hamilton notes P. seriatus as occurring at Kadjak, Alaska. Descriptions of Three New Sesndae. By WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER. Sesia rhododendri sp. nov. Male. Head black with metallic blue black reflection, and a few white scales on each side of the face. Palpi yellow beneath, black above. Collar metallic black above, white at the sides and beneath. Antennae purple. Thorax wholly purplish or bluish metallic black. Abdomen metallic black, with a narrow yellow transverse band on the posterior edges of the second, fourth and fifth segments, and a yellow line on each side from the base to the first yellow band. Anal tuft large black, narrowly edged with yellow at the sides and yellow along the middle beneath. Thorax beneath black, with a yellow patch on each side. Abdomen beneath black, with the yellow bands on the fourth and fifth segments very broad or almost covering the segments. Legs : Anterior coxae white, slightly marked with yellow, femora pur- plish, tibia and tarsi yellow. Middle and posterior femora metallic purplish or bluish, yellow on the inner sides. Middle and hind tibiae metallic purple, with the spurs and tufts pale yellow. Tarsi pale yel- low, scaled with black above. Wings transparent, narrowly bordered with purple along the costa inner margin and broadly margined with the same color along the outer margin. Borders with a few yellow scales. Transverse mark purple, as are also the veins. Hind wings transparent, narrowly bordered with black which appears brassy in Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 83 certain lights. Underside of fore wings with the borders golden yellow, with the veins and transverse mark like above. Expanse. 10-15 mm. Female. Very similar to the male in color and markings, but the transverse bands on the abdomen are broader and cover the segments beneath. Sometimes these bands are whitish at the middle beneath. Habitat. Cheltenham, Pa. Described from twenty-five specimens kindly sent to me by Prof. H. A: Surface, the economic zoologist of Pennsylvania. Scsia rhododendri is closely allied to Scsia pyri and Sesia scitula, but may be distinguished at once from these species by the absence of the yellow marking on the thorax. In rhodo- dendri, the thorax is wholly metallic blue black above, while in scitula and pyri the thorax is distinctly marked with yellow along the patagia and at the posterior end. The larva of rhodo- dendri infests the branches of Rhododendron. The types are with Prof. Surface and in the American Museum of Natural History. Sesia utahensis sp. nov. Female. Head, black on the vertex; front and palpi golden yellow; collar black with a bluish reflection, edged with golden yellow in front. Antennae black with a metallic bluish lustre. Thorax brown with a broad golden yellow band along the patagiae and a spot of the same color at the junction of fore wings and thorax; posterior part of thorax edged with golden yellow hairs. Thorax beneath golden yellow. Femora golden yellow above, brown beneath ; tibiae golden yellow with a broad brown band at the tip; tarsi with first joint golden yellow, re- maining joints brown. Abdomen with a very broad golden yellow band at the posterior part of the second segment above and below ; fourth and last segments wholly golden yellow ; first, third and fourth segments brown above with a few yellow scales, beneath brown, except the fifth, which is wholly golden yellow. Anal tuft golden yellow, black at the sides and in the middle. Fore wings brown with usual transparent spaces golden yellow ; hind wings golden yellow basally. brown out- wardly, including the fringes. Under side of wings golden yellow slightly scaled with brown outwardly. Fringes brown. Expanse, 23 mm. Habitat. St. George, Washington County, Utah. June. Described from a single female collected by Mr. George En- glehardt on an expedition to Utah for the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. This species may be known readily by the opaque wings, and \ 84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '09 the very broad golden yellow bands on the abdomen. It is allied to Sesia edwardsii, but differs from it by being larger and having differently marked abdomen and wings. Sesia rubricincta sp. nov. Head blue black, metallic ; collar with brassy metallic lustre, edged with orange anteriorly; eyes purplish; palpi orange, last joint black above; antennae blue black. Thorax green or blue black, metallic, patagia with orange red hairs. Abdomen blackish along the back, bright red along the sides ; anal tuft metallic green black, red in the middle. Thorax beneath, orange. Underside of abdomen with first and second segment, metallic blue black, remaining segment red. Legs steel blue. Fore wings steel blue black, purplish outwardly, bright red between the veins, fringes brown, slightly edged with purple. Basal transparent area narrow, outer transparent area slightly apparent, trans- verse mark purple with a rather large red spot ; at the base of wing a bright red mark. Hind wings transparent, outer margin narrow, pur- ple, fringes brown. Fore wings beneath similar to the above, but not so brilliant and wanting the red spot in the transverse mark at base with an orange streak at the costa. Hind wings beneath same as above. Expanse 17.50 mm. Habitat. Palmerlee, Cochise County, Ariz. August. Type, one female, collection of Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, collected by Jacob Doll. This species is closely related to Sesia boltcri Hy. Edwards, but is very distinct. Bibliography on Flies and Mosquitoes as Carriers of Disease. Compiled by W. Paul Gerhard, C. E. New York. FLIES. Abstract of Report on the Origin and Spread of Typhoid Fever in the U. S. Military Camps during the Spanish War of 1898. Walter Reed, Victor C. Yaughan, Edw. O. Shakespeare, authors. Washington Government Print- ing Office. 1900. Engineering News. Editorial in issue of September 22, 1898. Typhoid Fever in the Army. Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL XF\VS. 85 Proceeding's of the Washing-ton Academy of Sciences. A Contribution to the Study of the Insect Fauna of Human Excrement. By L. O. Flovvard, Ph. D., Washington. Published by the Academy. 1900. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Ento- mology. Circular No. 71, revised Edition. House Flies. By L. O. Howard. No date. The House Fly as a carrier of Disease. By Wm. Lyman Underwood. June 1903. United States Department of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin No. 155, "How Insects affect the Health in Rural Dis- tricts." Pollution of New York Harbor as a Menace to Health by the dissemination of intestinal diseases through the agency of the common house fly. A report by Daniel D. Jack- son, S. B. to the Committee on pollution of the Merchants' Association of New York. July, 1908. Typhoid Fever, the Story of the Fly that doesn't wipe its Feet. Reprinted by permission from the Saturday Eve- ning Post by the Merchants' Association of New York. Woods Hutchinson, M. D., March 1908. An Advance Agent of Death. By Mary B. and Lewis E. Theiss. Good Housekeeping, May 1908. The Dangerous House Fly. Fighting the House Fly. By W. Frost and C. T. Vorhees. Reprinted from "Country Life in America." Bulletin of the North Carolina State Board of Health. May 1908. Monthly Bulletin Indiana State Board of Health. May 1908. The House Fly. Typhoid Fever. The Story of the fly that does not wipe its feet. By Woods Hutchinson, M. D. Saturday Evening Post, March 7, 1908. The Dangerous House Fly. The appalling prolificacy and disease-spreading habits of a filthy pest. The best meth- ods for fighting them. I. The house-fly nuisance. By W. Frost and C. T. Vorhees. II. Fighting the house-fly. By E. V. Wilcox. Country Life in America. May 1908. 86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '(X) House Flies. Article in Florida Health Notes, May 1908. The House-Fly as an Agent in the Dissemination of Infectious Diseases. By Theobald Smith, M. D. Amer. Journal of Public Hygiene, Aug. 1908. B. MOSQUITOES. United States Department of Agriculture. Division of Ento- mology. Notes on the Mosquitoes of the United States. By L. O. Howard, Ph. D. Washington, Government Print- ing Office. 1900. American Public Health Association. The Etiology of Yel- low Fever. A preliminary note. By Walter Reed, James Carroll, A. Agramonte, Jesse W. Lazear, Surgeons U. S. Army. Columbus, O. 1903. The propagation of Yellow Fever; Observations based on re- cent researches. By Walter Reed, M. D. The Prevention of Yellow Fever. By Walter Reed, M. D. and James Carroll, M. D. Both papers reprinted from the Medical Record, Oct. 26, 1901. Experimental Yellow Fever. By Walter Reed, James Carroll, A. Agramonte. July 6, 1901. Mosquitoes : How they live ; how they carry disease ; how they are classified ; how they may be destroyed. By L. O. Howard. New York, McClure, Phillips and Co., 1901. Scientific American Supplement No. 1305. The Extermina- tion of Malaria-Breeding Mosquitoes by Petroleum and Drainage. By Henry Clay Weeks. January 5, 1901. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. Special Bul- letin. The Salt-marsh Mosquito. By John Smith, Sc. D. July 8, 1902. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Ento- mology. Key to the known Larvae of the Mosquitoes of the United States. By L. O. Howard. No date. United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Ento- mology. Circular No. 13, second series. Mosquitoes and Fleas. No date. Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 87 United States Department of Agriculture. Farmers' Bul- letin, No 155. How Insects affect Health in Rural Dis- tricts. By L. O. Howard, Entomologist Washington, Government Printing Office. 1902. United States Department of Agriculture,, Division of Ento- mology. The Principal Household Insects of the United States. By L. O. Howard and C. L. Marlatt. Wash- ington, Government Printing Office. 1902. New Jersey State Agricultural Experiment Station. Practical Suggestions for Mosquito Control. Circular. May 16, 1902. Ronald Ross, Mosquito Brigades and how to organize them. New York, Longman's Green and Co. 1902. The Etiology of Yellow Fever. By Walter Reed and James Carroll, M. D. February 22, 1902. Recent Researches concerning the Etiology, Propagation and Prevention of Yellow Fever by the United States Army Commission. By Walter Reed, M. D. From Journal of Hygiene, April 1902. Teachers' Sanitary Bulletin of the Michigan State Board of Health. Mosquitoes as bearers of Malaria and Yellow Fever. April 1903. The Mosquito Nuisance and how to deal with it. By William Lyman Underwood. Boston, W. B. Clarke Co. 1903. Report of William W. Chambers on Mosquito Extermina- tion on North Shore of Long Island, October I, 1903. Supplement Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service. Pub- lic Health Reports. Concerning the Geographic Distri- bution of the Yellow Fever Mosquito. By L. O. Howard, Ph. D. November 13, 1903. Report of the New Jersey State Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion upon the Mosquitoes occurring within the State, their Habits, Life History. Prepared by John B. Smith, Sc. D., Entomologist to the Station. Trenton 1904. Annual report of the State Entomologist of Minnesota. Year 1905. Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Anthony Park, Minn. Yellow Fever : A Popular Lecture. By James Carroll. April 12, 1905. 88 F.NTOMOT.nr.irAL NR\VS. [Feb., 'OQ Lessons to be learned from the Present Outbreak of Yellow Fever. James Carroll, M. D. Journal of the American Medical Association. October 7, 1905. The Etiology of Yellow Fever. An Additional Note. Wal- ter Reed, Jas. Carroll, A. Agramonte, M. D. Journal of the American Medical Association, February 1901. Date of Reprint 1905. The Transmission of Yellow Fever. James Carroll, M. D. Reprint from Amer. Med. Association, May 23, 1903. Date of Reprint 1905. Mosquito Control. By Ephraim Porter Felt. Reprinted from the Report of the N. Y. State Entomologist. Albany 1906. Diversities among New York Mosquitoes. . By Dr. E. Porter Felt, N. Y., State Entomologist, New York 1906. Re- printed tinder the Auspices of the American Mosquito Extermination. New York 1906. On the Extermination of the Mosquito. By Alve H. Doty, M. D.. Health Officer of the Port of New York. Re- printed from American Journal of the Medical Sciences, February 1906. An Act to Provide for Locating and Abolishing Mosquito- Breeding Salt-marsh Areas within the State of New Jer- sey. Trenton 1906. The Use of Copper Sulphate alone, and in combination with lime for the Destruction of the Mosquito Larvae. By Dr. A. H. Doty, Health Officer, Port of New York. Re- printed from Amer. Publ. Health Asso. 1906. The Secrets of the Mosquito, a guide to the extermination of the prolific pest. By Dr. Edward A. Ayers. From "World's Work," 1907. New Jersey State Agricultural Experiment Station. Edward B. Vorhees, Sc. D. John B. Smith, Entomologist. Win- ter Treatment for House Mosquitoes. 1907. Alvah H. Doty : The Mosquito, its relation to disease and its extermination. Reprinted from New York State Jour- nal of Medicine, May 1908. E. C. Levy, Chief Health Officer of Richmond, Va. The Ex- termination of Mosquitoes. Richmond 1908. Feb., 'ool FVTnMor.ocirAL XF.WS. 80 Mosquito Extermination. By Phinotas Chemical Co., 237 Front Street, N. Y. No date. Ronald Ross. The Mosquito Theory of Malaria. Report dated Calcutta, February 16, 1899. Reprinted in Popular Science Monthly. Mosquitoes and Nature Study. By Ephraim Porter Felt, State Entomologist, N. Y. No date. The Mosquito, a Disease-Bearer. By H. E. Chandlee. Art- icle in Pearson's Magazine, Year ? Mosquito Extermination Work. An Account of Work in Massachusetts. By Henry Clay Weeks, Bayside, N. Y., Secretary of the American Mosquito Extermination So- ciety. Scientific American Supplement No. 1653. Sept. 7, 1907. Yellow Fever, A Problem Solved. The battle of New Orleans against the Mosquito. By Samuel Hopkins Adams. McClure's Magazine, year 1906. Fumigation for the Destruction of Insects. By A. I. Kendall, M. D., Chief Board of Health Laboratory, Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama. Address delivered before Conference of Health Officers of State of New York, 1907. The Mosquito as a Sanitary Problem. By Edward A. Ayers, M. D. Lecture delivered before Academy of Medicine, Oct. 17, 1907. Issued 1908. Mosquitoes : By Evelyn Groesbeck Mitchell, 1908. Camp Sanitation : By Dr. H. Bashore, 1908. Chapter on "The Mosquito Problem." Dr. George F. Nuttall, On the Role of Insects, Arachnids and Myriopods as Carriers in the Spread of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases of Men and Animals ; a Critical Histor- ical Study. Published in Vol. VIII of Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports, 1898. Contains a bibliography. The author of this partial bibliography would be obliged to others for bringing to his attention any omissions, corrections, or additions. WILLIAM PAUL GERHARD, C. E., 33 Union Square, Xew York. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors. All contributions will be considered and passed upon at GUI earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put " copy " into the hands of the printer, for each num- ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form, will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. ED. PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1909. It not infrequently takes a hundred years for humanity to fully recognize the claims of an individual to its homage, and it may take many years to have scientific facts made useful. This latter is illustrated in regard to the Bacillus tuberculosis, the cause of consumption, which has been known for consider- ably over a quarter of a century. At the present time people are buying Red Cross Stamps to aid the so-called White Plague movement and soon will be ex- pectorating on the sidewalk for the benefit of hungry house- flies. Meat, fruit and vegetables are exposed for sale on the street and in the appropriate season are resorted to by this disgusting manure-bred insect, the house-fly, in large numbers. Each morning the fruit is brushed with a feather duster. The object of this is to remove street dirt composed largely of dessicated horse-manure, dried sputum, fly-specks and other interesting matter. What escapes the duster goes into the stomach of the consumer. We spend thousands of dollars to bring a tuberculosis exhibit to town containing many things supposed to cure and in many large cities there is not even an elementary attempt at preven- tion. We were recently asked why it is that entomologists were looked down upon by mammalogists, ornithologists and other naturalists, and our reply was that if the latter classes were guilty of this it is due to their pitiable ignorance. To one 90 Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. OT who began the study of Entomology when there was no public recognition or appreciation of its value as a permissible scien- tific study, the meetings at Baltimore with the large attendance at the sessions of the Association of Economic Entomologi^t- and the Entomological Society of America were most gratify- ing. The value of Entomology in its economic bearings will be appreciated more and more, and the time is rapidly approach- ing when Entomology must take a very high rank as a study of the first importance and entomologists will be second to no other body of men as searchers after scientific truth. Notes and. News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. When you stand collecting down under the light, And others are standing there, too ; Remember that everything flying around, Is not there on purpose for you. When along comes a luna with long graceful wings, Or a spinhx of enormous size, If you do not need it give others a chance Let some one else take it in for his prize. And if something "rare" should alight on the ground, And all make a rush for the spot ; With five or six nets on the poor little thing 'Twill be spoiled, much more likely than not. And after success comes to you for a while, And you take three or four of a kind, Now do not be selfish but give one away, It will pay in the end you will find. In short have politeness wherever you are, It is not a very hard task, It will make your collecting more happy we know, Just try it 'tis all that we ask! WILLIAM PLACE, JR. COLLECTING AT MARTHA'S VINEYARD. While collecting at Cottage City, (now Oak Bluffs) Mass., on the island of Martha's Vineyard, in August, 1907, the writer took in a clover field 6 $ and 5 9 Colias eurytheme. The specimens appeared to be freshly hatched as there was not a blemish on some of them. All were taken in about ten days. It could not be questioned but that the specimens had gone through 02 FNTOMOT.nr.irAL NEWS. [Feb., 'oq all their transformations in that field as it would have been impossible for them to have flown north and all be so fresh and perfect. The field was always alive with C. philodice, but a eurytheme could be easily picked out at a distance of 50 yards or more. The only satisfactory conclusion the writer could arrive at, was that some female had flown north, probably in some southeast gale, in the latter part of the previous summer, and had oviposited in the field, the late appearance of the butterflies being due to the backward season. Some of the other captures of note on the island were Junonia coenia, Erebus odora, and Fcntonia marthesia. Before closing this article, I would like to state that the past season has been very unusual in Rhode Island for the number of Junonia coenia which have been taken and seen; the writer has taken six speci- mens and has authentic records of three more besides a number of others which were seen. I should be glad to correspond with anyone who has taken C. citry- themc, or any other southern butterfly in the North. WILLIAM PLACE, JR., Providence, R. I. A NOTE ON ANTS. During the latter part of August of this year my attention was attracted by a line of ants {Formica subscricca) passing along the edge of a bank in the lawn, each one carrying a wriggling, squirming fly larva. The procession was traced and found to end at a nest in the corner of the lot into which the ants disappeared with their booty. The other end was found at a swill-bucket about thirty Teet away. This bucket was literally alive with a mass of Sarcophagus and Tachnia larva. There was an almost unbroken line of ants from the nest to the bucket and return but nothing like a phalanx formation. The raid on the larvae continued uninterruptedly for three days when the bucket was cleaned by the city workmen. During this time the ants must have carried hundreds of fly larvae in all stages of develop- ment into their nest. Mr. Arthur C. Burrill and myself then excavated the nest over an area two feet square and to a depth of about two and one-half feet, and, although many large chambers were opened the fly larvae were not found, they evidently having been carried to a greater depth. The summer had been unusually dry and ants' nests were carried down very deep to reach moisture. Unfortunately, pressure of other work prevented my keeping as close a watch on the nest as I desired so I can give no further history of the fate of the larvae. Undoubtedly, many were consumed as food, but a few must have burrowed into the ground surrounding the chambers of the nest and there pupated, later to issue as adult flies. In the ground about the bucket many puparii were found. The nest was visited daily, and although there seemed to be a greater Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 93 number of flies about the nest, a week later none were seen issuing from the nest entrances. This is the first time I have observed a definite raid of Formica on a mass of larvae and thought this occurrence might be of interest GEO. P. EARTH, Milwaukee, Wis. Doings of Societies. The November meeting of the Heink Entomological Club occurred on the 22d at the residence of Mr. Knetzger, St. Louis, Mo., Mr. Heink presiding. Mr. Heink reported having taken Pyrameis cardui on November i8th in the northern part of the city. Said specimen bore all the evidence of having just emerged from the chrysalis. Mr. Knetzger exhibited an albino specimen of Anosia ple.vippus taken September 2ist, south of the city limits. The general color of this interesting insect is grayish, with black borders dotted with white, as in the normal specimen. Mr. Kelbly commented on the scarcity of cocoons, which in past years have usually been abundant. Mr. Meyer exhibited a wasp nest of extraordinary size, be- ing 19 inches long and having a diameter of 13 inches. He took this near Creve Coeur Lake, Mo. The annual election of officers of the Heink Entomological Club, St. Louis, Mo., took place December 2Oth at the resi- dence of Mr. Geo. Graf, with the following result : President, Mr. Chas. L. Heink ; Vice-President, Mr. Paul Schroers ; Re- cording Secretary, Mr. Aug. Knetzger; Assistant Secretary, Mr. Julius Meyer; Treasurer, Mr. A. C. Kelbly; Librarian, Mr. Geo. Graf. Mr. Graf exhibited a pair of Lycaena isola V. alee taken 5 miles from St. Louis. This species has probably never be- fore been reported from here. Mr. Schroers exhibited specimens of Pholus vitis, Pholns labruscae, Hcmeroplanes parce and Coc\tius antacus, all from Florida, the latter particularly remarkable for their size. Mr. Heink exhibited a specimen of Phyciodcs ismcria, which he captured at Meramec Highlands, Mo., last April. This species is extremely rare here. AUG. KNETZGER, Secretary. 94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '09 The fourth meeting of the Entomological Society of America was held in Baltimore, December 3Oth and 3ist, in affiliation with the American Association for the Advancement of Science and other Societies. The number in attendance was exception- ally large. The sessions were called to order on Wednesday morning by the President, Dr. Wm. Morton Wheeler. The report of the. committee on nomenclature was received. It will be printed in the "Annals" and brought up for discussion next year. Appro- priate minutes were adopted in regard to the deaths of Drs. Ashmead and Fletcher, and the deaths of Messrs. C. A. Davis, A. Craw, and A. V. Taylor were also announced by the Chair. The election of the following Fellows was announced : E. P. Felt, S. W. Williston, A. D. MacGillivray, T. D. A. Cockerell, E. D. Ball and also the election of thirty-nine members. The following suggestion was considered and referred to the Committee on Nomenclature : "That the Entomological Society of America should undertake to get out a list of all names of insects to be used as a standard code like the A. O. U. code." The following resolution was adopted and referred to the Ex- ecutive Committee with power to act : "That it is the sense of the Society that the duty on insects is objectionable and should be abolished." An amendment to the constitution was proposed, to be voted on at the next meeting, abolishing the present requirement that officers shall be chosen only from the list of Fellows. An addi- tional by-law was adopted as follows : 6. "Any member may become a life member upon payment of $50 at one time, and shall be exempt from further assessments. He shall receive during his life one copy of each issue of the Annals." The following officers were elected : President, Dr. Henry Skinner. First Vice-President, Prof. Herbert Osborn. Second Vice -President, Dr. A. D. Hopkins. Secretary-Treasurer, J. Chester Bradley. Additional members of the Executive Committee : Prof. J. H. Comstock, Dr. John B. Smith, Dr. W. M. Wheeler, Rev. Prof. C. J. S. Bethune, Mr. E. A. Schwarz, Prof. Lawrence Bruner. Feb., '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 95 Standing Committee on Nomenclature, for three years, Dr. E. P. Felt, to succeed himself. Member of the Editorial Board, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Dr. Fletcher, Rev. Prof. C. J. S. Bethune. On Wednesday afternoon a joint session with Section F, A. A. A. S., was held, at which Dr. John B. Smith presided. At both this and the following session of Thursday, very full and interesting programs of papers were read. The sessions closed with an exceedingly interesting address on Thursday evening by Dr. E. B. Poulton, Hope Professor of Zoology in Oxford University, England, on "Mimicry in the butterflies of North America." The address was illustrated by many beautiful lantern slides, and was attended by a large and appreciative audience. It, and also the full minutes of the ses- sions, will be published in the "Annals of the Entomological Society of America." The Brooklyn Entomological Society met at 55 Stuyvesant Avenue in December, 1908, with thirteen members present. Acquisitions to the collection of photographs of eminent ento- mologists included those of B. Neumoegen, Herman Strecker and Harry Edwards. Mr. Franck read a letter from a collector who is spending three years in Celebes. He mentioned the extreme scarcity of species of Ornithoptera and the meagre variety of Papilio. He had great difficulty in engaging natives to collect for him on account of their dishonesty. Messrs. Engelhardt and Dow spoke of their collecting experi- ences in Claremont, N. H., last June. In the first three even- ings sixteen species of Sphingidae were captured at the arc lights. During a two weeks' stay about 55 species of Geometri- dae were taken. There was a good variety of Hetcrocampids. The moths which flocked to the lights in the greatest numhn -> were Actias lima, Anisota rubicnnda, Hypercheirid io, and Bis- tou co^nafaria. Cecropia and polyphemus were common, but promctJiia does not inhabit the region. Great numbers of Ne- crophonts aniericanus came to the lights. At the end of June or 96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'oq early July there are generally the few sultry nights of the year. At this time the Dytscidae fly in great numbers, but at no other times during the season. On account of the great amount of cut pine on the hillsides Monohammus scutcllatus is about the commonest beetle. Basilarchia astyana.v is not common even at 480 feet eleva- tion. On the hills 1500-1700 feet arthemis were in great plenty. The common Argynnis is atlantis. Chrysophanns thoe occurs more frequently than hypophleas. Grapta prognc is as abund- ant as inter rogationis. Feneiseca tarquinius is common as an adult. Cicindela were very scarce, a few 6-guttata and one rcpanda being seen. Prof. J. B. Smith exhibited a faunal map of Xe\v Jersey, which is to appear in the forthcoming edition of the "Insects of New Jersey" : Its main divisions are : The coastal strip, which takes in all of Cape May peninsula, but narrows to the northward and disappears below Long Branch ; the pine barrens which include the inland everywhere from a point above Lake- wood south to the marshes ; the Piedmont Plain, which equals the red shale belt, the highland region, from the Orange Moun- tains northward ; and the Appalachian strip, small in extent and northeast of the Delaware Water Gap. R. P. Dow, Recording Secretary. OBITUARY. Mr. Samuel Auxer, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, died on January 6th last. He was born near Elizabethtown seventy- four years ago. In early years he was a plane maker, but later became engaged in the book and stationery business. Mr. Auxer was a great lover of books, but probably loved nature better. He was an ardent collector of entomological specimens and had a large collection and exchanged with many scientists in America and Europe. He was a valued citizen of his town and had the respect of many persons, who admired him for his modesty and knowledge of nature in general. He is survived by his wife, but had no children. MARCH, 1909. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XX. No. 3. \ Larva of Culex perturbans as described by Dr. John B. Smith. EDITOR : HENRY SKINNER, M. D. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Associate Editor. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: EZRA T. CRKSSON. HENRV L. VIERECK. J. A. G. REHN. PHILIP LAURENT. WILLIAM J. FOX. H. W. WENZBL. PHILADELPHIA: ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENO.S LOGAN SQUARE. Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the Entomo- logical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.OO IN A1WANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada, $1.20. SINGLE COPIES 15 CENTS Advertising Rates : 30 cents per square inch, single insertion ; a liberal discount on longer insertions. No advertisement taken for less than 60 cents Cash in advance. All remittances should be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy of Natural Sciences, 19th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. The Celebrated Original Dust and Pest-Proof METAL CASES FOR SCHMITT BOXES Described in "ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS," page 177, Vol. XV MANUFACTURED AND FOR SALE BY BROCK BROS., Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. I COLLECT IN ALL ORDERS FOR CASH Price lists Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera for 2 cent stamp. Positively no exchange. A. H. MANEE, Southern Pines, North Carolina North American Cicindelidae For Sale Amblychila cylindriformis Say, 4.00. ; baroni Riv., $4. ; Cicin- dela vulturina Lee., #oc. ; Santadarae Bates, 4.00. ; scntellaris Say, 8c. ; nigrocoerulae Lee., 2oc. ; hornii Scha., joe. ; pimeri- ana Lee., 25 c. ; formosa Say, 2oc, ; fulgida Say, 8c. ; knausii Leng, i$c. ; arizonensis Bat., 2$c. ; circumpicta Laf., /jr. ; lem- niscata Lee., 150. ; togata Laf., i^c. ; var. apicalis W. Horn, J 5 C - > pamphila Lee., i$c. ; var. i6-punctata Klug., loc. THE SNOW COLLECTIONS, University of Kansas, Lawrence. When Writing Please Mention " Entomological News." Plate VI. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XX. AxC MD Aph AM? THE THORACIC TERGUM OF INSECTS.-SNODGRASS. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. XX. MARCH, 1909. No. 3. CONTENTS: Snodgrass The Thoracic Tergum of Insects 97 Rehn The New Jersey Records of Hesperotettix brevipennis 'Thorn.) 104 Coquillett Rediscovery of the Bibionid genus Eupeitenus 106 Fox A new species of Ceratophyllus . . 107 Ainslee The Manner of Attachment of Parasitized Aphids no Earth An Artificial Ant's Nest 113 Hebard A few notes on December So. Georgia Orthoptera 115 Herrick Notes on Contarinia sorghi- cola 1 16 Gillette Two little-known Aphids on Carex sp 119 Lovell The Bees of Massachusetts : Osmia and Sphecodes 122 Viereck A new species of Andrena. . . 126 Rowley-Another season with Catocalae 127 Editorial 136 Notes and News 137 Doings of Societies 139 The Thoracic Tergum of Insects. By R. E. SNODGRASS. (PI. VI.) The idea that the hexapod thoracic tergum consists normally of four transverse plates is now unfortunately a dogma of in- sect morphology. Nearly all entomologists since Audouin (1824) have construed the facts in some way so as to make the thoracic terga of any particular insect conform with this supposed general quadruple structure. Though a few authors have expressed the opinion that a thorough study of the insect thorax would not bear out this conception, yet Audouin's draw- ings of the back of Dytiscits circumftexus have been copied over and over again to illustrate the general structure of the insect tergum. Two authors during the past century Chabrier (1820) and Straus-Durckheim (1828) have been contented with describing the back plates just as they exist. The object of the present writer is not to discredit Audouin, but to discredit the notion that the back of an insect segment is composed of four variously modified primitive transverse elements. This notion is fast growing into the still more erron- eous one that the entire segment is a compound of four meta- meres. It is true that the great advancements of any science 97 98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 have been due to great conceptions of generalization, and his- tory furnishes many examples where such ideas have arisen from inaccurate observations or have caused their author to see the facts in a distorted manner. So Audouin did a great thing for entomology when he published, in 1824, his generali- zations on the insect thorax, though in establishing his theory he erroneously described the facts in some cases. It is really fortunate that no entomologist at that time made a critical ex- amination of his data for the whole idea of reduplication of parts in the successive segments might have been then discredit- ed. Yet it is remarkable that no one at the present time has pointed out how palpably inaccurate are Audouin's drawings of the meso and metatergum of Dytiscus circninflcxus Fab. on which he bases his generalizations on the tergal structure. Figure I, Plate VI., is a drawing of the metatergum of D. circumflexus. On the right are shown the axillary sclerites (i Ax, 2 Ax, 3 Ax} by means of which the wing is articulated to the metathorax. The dotted parts represent membrane. Now, it is perfectly clear that this tergum consists of only two actually separate plates, but these two are clearly and distinct- ly separated by a definite suture which is widely membranous toward the sides and narrowly so in the middle. The anterior plate bears the wings entirely, its posterior angles being pro- duced into the axillary cords (AxC) or corrugated cord-like thickenings of the anal margins of the basal or axillary mem- branes of the wings. The second or posterior plate (PN) is comparatively narrow. It is entirely free from the wings, bears the postphragma (Pph} of the metathorax on its pos- terior margin, and laterally articulates with the epimera of the metathorax by special processes (i). The metatergum of Dytiscus is, thus, composed actually of only two plates one bearing the wings, the other free from the wings and connected with the epimera behind the wing bases. This structure is, moreover, characteristic of the meta- terga of all adult Coleoptera and Euplexoptera and of both the meso and metaterga of all the other insect orders except the Aptera and the Orthoptera. The second plate is lacking in all nymphal forms and in the pupae of the lower Holometamor- March, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 99 phic orders such as the Neuroptera and Coleoptera. The wing- bearing tergiim of an adult Orthopteran is simply that of the nymph plus a sclerite developed behind the former. That is, the nymphal notum, from the entire lateral margins of which the wings are developed, becomes the wing-bearing plate of the adult tergum, but, in all the principal winged orders ex- cept the Orthoptera, a second tergal plate is developed in the adult behind the wing-bearing plate. This second plate is highly developed in the Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Dip- tera, especially in the mesothorax where it bears the large phragma that shuts off the cavity of the thorax from that of the abdomen. Sometimes it is reduced and hidden between, or even within, the segments. It is never present in the prothorax. The words "tergum" and "notum" are commonly used inter- changeably to denote all the dorsal sclerites of any segment. Audouin (1824) established this use of the word "tergum," while Burnmeister (1832) and Newport (1839) used "notum" in the same sense. Since, now, it is obvious that we need one term to signify the entire dorsal chitinization of a segment and two others to designate the individual plates, the writer pro- poses to retain the name tcrgum as the general term applying to all the chitinous parts of the dor sum of any segment, and to limit the word notum in its application to the anterior or wing- bearing plate. The two terms used in this manner are, hence, still interchangeable in all cases except in the wing-bearing segments of most adult insects where the tergum acquires the secondary posterior sclerite. This latter may be called, on ac- count of its position, the postnotum, or from the fact that it is not a primitive tergal plate, the pscudonotum. The second term has already been given to it in the Euplex- optera (Dermaptera) by Yerhoeff (1903) and adopted in a for- mer paper on the insect thorax by the author (1908), though Verhoeff may not have intended the general application of the \\nrd in this sense. The second tergal plate or pseudonotum is the one usually called "postscutellum." It is a part of the postscutclluui of Audouin (1824), and is the cloison costalc or costal of Chabrier (1820), the postfroenum of Kirby and Spence (1826), the tergum of Straus-Durckheim (1828), the 100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 subpostdorsum (including the phragma) of Amans (1885), the metaphragma (including the pseudonotum and true phrag- ma) of Kolbe (1889), and the acrotergite of the following segment, in most cases, of Berlese (1906). The metanotum of Dytiscus is a complicated plate and is sub- divided by distinct lines into six regions (figs, i, i, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4). Two of the subsclerites (i and 4) form the anterior and posterior regions of the notum respectively. Each is widened mesially. The former sends posteriorly two arms which inter- lock with an anterior median tongue of the latter forming the floor of the median notal groove (G). The other subsclerites (2, 2, 3, 3), as will be seen from the drawing, are paired and together occupy the greater part of the notum. An examination of the ventral surface of the tergum (fig. 2) reveals the fact that all of the lines appearing on the sur- face of the notum, except those defining the anterior subscler- ite are simply the external marks of internal ridges (iv and B}. In addition to these are the anterior and posterior marginal ridges of the notum (ANR and PNR}. The ridge w is peculiar to the Coleoptera, the other three are common to nearly all insects. Hence, it must certainly be evident to anyone who will ver- ify these drawings by a study of any species of Dytiscus that four transverse tergal plates do not actually exist, and that only the imagination of a person intent upon establishing such a generalization could make any such construction out of the facts. If, now, we examine Audouin's drawings (figs. 3, 4) of the metatergum of Dytiscus circumnexus, we are forced to admit that he made separations where he wanted them regardless of the true anatomical structure and combined other parts that are in nature distinct. Figures 3 and 4 are enlarged copies of Audouin's drawings. His first division, the prescutum (psc), is correct in a general way. The second, the scutum (set), is likewise, disregarding details of shape. Here, it will be seen, Audouin's typical example of the scutum has this plate divided into two halves by a posterior extension of the prescutum. It is when we come to the next division, the scnteUuiu (set), March, 'ogl ENTOMOLOGICAL XKWS. TOT that the artificialness of this scheme appears. On the specimen it is clear that the median tongue on the floor of the groove (fig. i, G) belongs to the part behind it and is separated from the areas at each side of it. This is further confirmed by a study of the ventral surface (fig. 2). Yet Audouin makes this the body of a bat-shaped sclerite in which the lateral areas represent the two wings. Finally, the only part that is distinct and absolutely a separate sclerite in nature is the plate desig- nated pseudonotum (PN) in figures I and 2. Yet Audouin represents this as an integral part of the median region of the posterior notal subdivision in front of it! This combination he terms the posts cut ellum (pscl). A common sense separa- tion of the plates along natural sutures could never produce such a plan of organization as figure 3. This criticism should be directed not against Audouin so much as against those present day entomologists who have contentedly copied Audouin's drawings instead of examining the subject for themselves. Furthermore a study of the works of modern insect morphologists who attempt to establish the quadruple tergal theory for all insects, as Berlese (1906), shows that this can be done only by a free use of the imagina- tion in laying clown lines where nature has neglected to do so. Now, although we are forced to discard Audouin's historic illustration of the four divisions of the tergum, yet his terms prescutum, scutum scutellwn and postscutellum are very con- venient ones to retain, for it is true that in a very large num- ber of insects especially in all of the higher orders, four fairly well marked tergal subdivisions are present. To what extent these subdivisions occur the writer will attempt to show in a future paper on the insect thorax. But, though they are of very general occurrence, they are purely secondary and, in most cases are not homologous in the different orders. They are best developed in the Lepidoptera, Hymenoptcra and Dip- tera. As has already been stated the transverse ridge on the ventral surface of the Coleopteran tergum (fig. 2, w) does not exist in the other orders. Hence, we may regard the subscler- ites 2 and 3 (fig. i) as secondary divisions of one original area. Then we can re-apply Audouin's names as follows: region i, 102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 prescutnm; 2 and 3, the separated and divided halves of the scutum; 4, scittellum; and PN, postscutellum. The postscutel- lum (pseudonotum) is not present in any Orthoptera. The apparent four divisions of the Acridiid pronotum are second- ary and due to internal ridges, the principle of which assists the notum to perform its double role of notum and pleurum. The following is a brief statement of the fundamental struc- ture of the tergum of any wing-bearing segment (cf. text, fig. i): anr ANP PJVP AxC pnr Observe first the two tergal plates, the notum (N) and the pseudonotum or postnotum (PN}. The former is the only ter- gal plate of nymphal forms and of all stages in Orthoptera. It carries the wings by its anterior and posterior wing processes (ANP and PNP}, while its posterior angles are produced into the axillary cords (A.vC) which form the posterior margins of the basal membranes of the wings. On the ventral side the notum presents an anterior and a posterior marginal ridge gen- erally folded down upon the ventral surface, the second often leaving a wide, free reduplication back of it. Between these but nearer the second is a V-shaped ridge, the entodorsum of Amans (1885), with its apex forward. These three ventral ridges commonly show on the dorsal surface as three lines (anr, v and pnr). This structure is fundamental, and common to March, '09! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 103 all insects, though obscured in a few cases through the greater development of secondary characters. In the higher insects the notum becomes subdivided by secondary lines or actual sutures into a prescutum, scutum and scutellum. These sub- divisions are not necessarily coincident with the lines of the ventral ridges and are not homologous in all the orders where they occur. The pseudonotum (PN) lies behind the notum (N), is free from the wings, connects with the epimera laterally, and bears the postphragma (Pph). When the notum presents a prescu- tum, scutum and scutellum, the pseudonotum may conveniently be called the "postscutellum." REFERENCES. 1820. CHABRIER, J. Essai sur le vol des insectes Mem du Mus, d'Hist. Nat., VI, 1820, pp. 410-472, pis. 18-21. 1824. AUDOUIN, V. Recherches anatomique sur le thorax des animaux articules et celui des insectes hexapodes en particulier. Ann. Sci. Nat., I, 1824, pp. 97-135, 416-432, pi. 8 (illustrating the thorax of Dytiscus circumflex us.) 1826. KIRBY, W. and SPENCE, W. An introduction to ento- mology, Vol. Ill, London, 1826. 1828. STRAUS-DURCKHEIM, H. Considerationes generates sur ranatomie comparee des animaux articules, 435 pp., 19 pis. Royal Institute of France, 1828. (Detailed de- scription of Melolontha vulgaris.) 1832. BURNMEISTEB, H. Handbuch der Entomologie, Vol. I, Berlin, 1832. 1839. NEWPORT, G. Insecta. Todd's Cyclopaedia of Anat- omy and Physiology, Vol. II, pp. 853-994, figs. 329-439. London, 1839. 1885. AMANS, P. C. Comparisons des organes du vol dans la serie animale. Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. Ser. 6, XIX, 1885, pp. 9-222, pis. I-VIII. 1889. KOLBE, H. J. Einfiihrung in die Kenntnis der Insek- ten. Berlin, 1889. 1903. VERHOEFF, K. W. Beitrage zur vergleichcnden Mor- phologic des Thorax der Insekten mit Beriicksichtigung der Chilopoden. Nova Acta. Abh. der Kaiserl. Leop. Carol. Deutschen Akad. der Naturf., Ixxxi, 1903, pp. 63-109, pis. VII-XIII. TO4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, 'og 1906. BERLESE, A. Gli Insetti. Societa Editrice Libraria, Milan, 1906. 1908. SNODGRASS, R. E. A comparative study of the thorax in Orthoptera, Euplexoptera and Coleoptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IX, 1908, pp. 95-108, pis. II-V. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. Fig i. Metatergum of Dytiscus circmnftcxus, dorsal view. Fig. 2. Same, ventral view. Figs. 3, 4. Copies of Audouin's drawings of metatergum of Dytiscus circumficxus. ANP, anterior notal wing process. ANR, anterior notal ridge. Aph, prephragma. lAx, first axillary sclerite of wing base. * zAx, second axillary. 2,Ax, third axillary. AxC, axillary cord, forming posterior margin of base of wing. G, median notal groove. i, points of articulation of pseudo-notum with epimera. Mb, membranous area of notum. MD, muscle attachment on anterior edge of notnm. PN , pseudo-notum. PNP, posterior notal wing process. PNR, posterior notal ridge. Pph, postphragma. psc, prescutum. pscl, postscutellum. r, united bases of anal veins fused with arm of notum. scl, scutellum. set, scutum. V , entodorsum, V-shaped ventral ridge of notum. v, lines on surface of notum formed by ventral ridge V. w, transverse ridge on under surface of notum, peculiar to Coleoptera, and lines on surface of notum formed by it. The New Jersey Records of Hesperotettix brevipen- nis (Thomas). Orthoptera. By JAMES A. G. REHN. In 1874, Thomas described this species from "material taken in New Jersey in August and communicated * from Prof. Uhler through Prof. Glover." Three years later Uhler recorded specimens of the species as Hesperotettix virldls, a western form with which he had either confused it or considered it synonymous. In this paper the discoverer of the species men- tioned "cranberry fields of Atlantic County" and we can assume this to be the original and consequently type locality. March, Yx)1 KXTOMOT.OCTCAL NEWS. Scudcler in his revision of the Melanopli (p. 64) mentions material from "New Jersey," and until the year 1908 all our knowledge of the species from New Jersey as found in the lit- erature is given above. In 1891 to '96, Morse had taken it at Wellesley, Massachusetts, in numbers and it was also recorded by him from Walpole, Massachusetts, while Scudder assigned material collected in Georgia by Morrison to the species. In the years 1904 and 1907, Morse recorded specimens from Sand Mountain, Georgia and Cheaha and Lookout Mountain and Tnrnipseed's Ranch, Alabama. In Massachusetts the insect frequented tufts of bunch-grass and was taken between July 10 and August 30, the first date, however, nymphs alone were taken. At Sand Mountain, Georgia, Morse took it from bunch- grass in open deciduous woods. Along with other material placed in my hands for determina- tion during 1908 by Prof. John B. Smith was a single female of this beautiful species taken at Anglesea, New Jersey, Sep- tember 6. Quite recently Mr. W. T. Davis, of New Brighton, Staten Island, sent me for examination a specimen taken at Lakehurst, Ocean County, New Jersey, on August 17, 1907. While collecting at Stafford's Forge, Ocean County, New Jer- sey, during the past summer, the writer collected four males and five females of this species on August 12 and September 5. The individuals were found to be extremely local, occurring only in a small area of huckleberry and sweet fern barrens on the edge of pine forest and close to a large cranberry bog. The latter fact has no significance to me as the barren they preferr- ed is extremely dry and without any bracken, sphagnum or "branch" plants, and the proximity of the bog appears to be but a coincidence. During a number of days' stay the bog and surrounding pine-land were repeatedly examined and the huckleberry and sweet fern section was the only area in which the species w r as found. A single male of the species taken by Dr. Harry Fox, Sep- tember 7, 1908, between Mt. Pleasant and Formosa Bogs, Cape May County, New Jersey, has also been examined. It was captured in oak and pine woods. io6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 Rediscovery of the Bibionid Genus Eupeitenus BY D. W. COQUILLETT. In 1834, Macquart describes Penthctria atra new species from a specimen in Servilles collection, taken at Philadelphia, and, in 1838, he erected for it a new genus, Eupeitenus, giving a short description and a crude figure. Walker, in 1848, re- ferred two specimens to this species, the one from St. Mar- tin's Falls, British America, the other from Nova Scotia, but threw no light on the characters of either genus or species, and it is not certain that his identification was correct. The species does not appear to have been recognized since, and heretofore has been referred to as a synonym of Biblio heteroptera Say, a member of the genus Plecia. Wing of Eupeitenus. Among a small collection of Diptera made by Mr. H. S. Harbeck, of Philadelphia, is a specimen agreeing in the main with Macquart's description and figure of the species men- tioned above. This specimen is a female, while Macquart's was a male, and this difference, taken in connection with Mac- quart's well-known inaccuracy, renders the identification very probable. The specimen was captured at Germantown, a sub- urb of Philadelphia, on April 26, 1908. The head and its mem- bers, as also the body and legs, are essentially those of a Plecia; the first joint of the hind tarsi is not swollen, as the figure indicates, but this may be a secondary sexual character. The second submarginal cell is much longer than the first pos- terior, the first basal is decidedly longer than the second basal, and the fourth vein forks a short distance beyond the small cross-vein (see Fig. --). In all other respects this specimen agrees fairly well with Macquart's figure, and, as it came from the same locality as the type, there can be little doubt as to its identity. The genus Eupeitenus is a valid one, readily distinguishable from our other Bibionid genera by the presence of two sub- marginal cells in each wing. March, '09! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 107 A New Species of Ceratophyllus A GENUS OF THE SIPHONAPTERA. BY PASSED ASSISTANT SURGEON CARROLL Fox, P. H. & M. H. S., San Francisco, California. Ceratophyllus mnltidentatus spec. nov. Seven specimens in all, two females and four males from Microtus calif ornicus, one female from the nest of the wood rat (Xeotoiiia). Mr. Rothschild kindly examined these fleas for me and believes them to be a new species. FEMALE. Head gently and evenly rounded from posterior border to the anterior ventral angle. Frontal notch very low down. Eye present, lower margin straight. Gena acutely pointed posteriorly, its lower edge curving strongly upward anteriorly. Maxilla triangular, acute at apex. Head of male. Genitalia of female. Maxillary palpi reaching the middle of trochanters. Length of joints 12-14-11 and 15. Labial palpi including undivided basal portion, seven jointed, and reach to end of trochanters. Three rows of bristles on the genae. The lower row of three stout bristles the innermost placed above the eye, a middle row of four smaller and an upper row of six still smaller bristles. The usual number of bristles on the hind mar- gin of the head, with two, a large and a small, at the posterior lower angle. Besides this apical row, there are on the occiput, three oblique rows of bristles, the posterior and middle row each consisting of six io8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 bristles, of which the lowest is very much the largest, while the ante- rior row contains four or five smaller bristles. The antennal groove reaches within one-third of the top of the head, and is connected to the top by a chitinous thickening. The third joint of the antenna is nine jointed. On the margin of the second joint of the antenna are about five fine short hairs, while on the first joint there are about four. On the posterior margin of the antennal groove are several fine hairs. The pronotum has two rows of bristles, an anterior row of about ten small bristles, and a posterior row of about eight larger, while on the posterior margin is a ctenidium of about 16 spines. The mesonotum has about five rows of bristles, a posterior of about ten heavy ones, the other rows being composed of more numerous, much smaller Genitalia of female. bristles, more or less regularly disposed. The metanotum has four rows of bristles, a posterior of about ten heavy ones, and the other rows being composed of more numerous but smaller bristles. The epimerum of the metathorax contains three rows of bristles ; a posterior of three large bristles, a middle of three smaller, and an anterior of four still smaller. On the abdominal tergites are three rows of bristles, a posterior of about 12 or 14 large ones; the bristles in the anterior and middle rows being more numerous but much smaller. On each side of the first six abdominal tergites are teeth as follows, 3-6-5-5-3-1. The abdominal March, '09! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 109 sternites have three rows of bristles ; the posterior consisting of about six large bristles, and the middle and anterior consisting of smaller bristles, more or less regularly disposed. The middle row of the seventh sternite has about 12 small bristles. There are three antipygi- dial bristles on each side, the middle the largest and extending over the pygidium. The outer almost as long and the inner the smallest of the three. The eighth tergite dorsally contains about eight small bristles, and a long one below and anterior to the pygidium. Later- ally there are two rows of bristles, the anterior composed of about six and the posterior about two, while on the apical edge there are about four large bristles. The eighth sternite is stout and has at its tip some fine short hairs. The style is cylindrical, about three times as long as wide at the base, with a long bristle at its end. The sub- stylar flap has several long hairs on its margin. There is a double spermatheca. No teeth on inner side of hind coxae. The fore-femur has on its inner surface about eight hairs irregularly distributed, while close to its upper margin there is a row of about five very small hairs, starting at its middle and extending to its distal extremity. This row may also be found on the middle and hind femur. Along the lateral surface of the middle and hind femur there is no row of bristles as usually seen in the Syphonaptera, but there are three or four subapical bristles. Ar- rangement of spines on hind tibiae usual to the Ccratophyllns. About sixteen small bristles on the side of hind tibiae, arranged more or less regularly in two rows. A row of small bristles on the anterior sur- face of all tarsi. Fifth tarsal joints on all legs with five lateral spines. None of the apical bristles on the tarsi or tibia of hind leg longer than the next preceding joint. Length of joints: Hind tarsi, 27-23-15-9-13. Mid tarsi, 17-15-10-5-12. Size, 2.56 mm. Male. Head somewhat flattened on top and more abruptly rounded than in the female. Antennal groove extends nearly to top of the head. In the male specimen under examination the labial palpi seems to be but six jointed, including the basal undivided portion. First six abdomi- nal fergites with teeth on each side, as follows : 3-6-6-6-5-4. Three antipygidial bristles, the middle the longest. Modified Segments. The manubrium of the claspers is short and thick and extends ventrad. The process is cone-shaped and contains at its apex a small bristle and just posterior to this a large one, while near the apex there are five small, but stout bristles. Just above the insertion of the claspers there is a slight protuberance which contains a long bristle. The finger is long, its upper half somewhat wedge- shaped, narrowed and rounded at the apex. Its anterior edge i- straight, ending above its insertion in a deep notch. The posterior edge is long- er and is gently rounded to the base where it is abruptly curved up- ward to the pedicle, which has the shape of a shoe. On the upper half no ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 of the posterior edge, there are about six small bristles while on the lateral surface are numerous small hairs. The ninth sternite is expanded at the tip, becoming somewhat fan shaped, and at the anterior and posterior angles of this expansion there are several minute hairs. The eighth sternite is heavy, club shaped and contains numerous stout bristles at its tip and posterior upper margin. The plate of the penis is short and very broad and bluntly rounded at the apex. Size 2.32 mm. Color pale brown. The Manner of Attachment of Parasitized Aphids. C. N. AlNSLIE, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. During the progress of some recent inquiries by members of the Bureau of Entomology into certain habits of parasitized aphids and their guests, some exceedingly interesting facts have been ascertained and are here put on record. It has long been known that an aphid, when parasitized, died at a certain stage of the development of the parasitic larva, and in spite of its death, managed somehow to retain its posi- tion on the host plant until after the escape of the adult para- site. It has been surmised that the death grasp of the aphid's claws might account for the ability to hold itself to a leaf while its unwelcome guest completed its life cycle. But an aphid, dead for a week, has brittle legs, and would naturally be an easy victim to wind and storm. Some have supposed that the parasitic larva was able to force a glutinous fluid through the pores of the ventral wall of the body of the aphid, fastening it in this manner. Without definite hope of getting any light on this question, a parasitized individual of the common Aphis brassicae was studied. This aphid had been removed from the host plant where it was standing on the leaf, dead, and was placed on the stage of a microscope, back down. It was not yet spherical, was turning brown, and the body was still flexible. It lay on the glass slide unwatched for a few minutes, and it was then noticed that the internal larva was protruding from a rent in the ventral region of the aphid and was apparently endeavor- ing to escape. The larva was driven back and the aphid's March, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. in body turned to a normal position, feet down. Within a min- ute or two the body was found to have become firmly fastened to the slide. The slide was then turned over and returned to the stage, the body of the aphid suspended below. Through the glass the now active larva could be seen as through a win- dow, while it completed its task of making the aphid's skin fast to the slide. A smear of glutinous fluid along the torn edges of the opening seemed to have been the first move, fol- lowed by ceaseless spinning of a silken thread from the mouth of the larva back and forth across the rent and then all over the interior of the aphid's body, thus making a delicate cocoon for itself. The drying of this silken tissue and the gradual increase of threads spun across the opening through which watch was kept, rendered the view more difficult as time went on, and finally it was impossible to distinguish clearly what was taking place within because of the opacity. Several more parasitized aphids of the same species, taken at about the same point of development of the larvae within, were placed under constant observation, and it was learned that each was torn or split down the median ventral line, al- most from coxae to cauda, by the muscular movements of the enclosed larva. This clearly did not happen by accident, for each larva went through the very same performance described above. Why the aphid's body should open along the median ventral line, the only place where it could be utilized by the helpess larva within rather than across the back where it would be disastrous, is not known at present, but the fact remains that the larva is in this manner afforded an opportunity to se- cure itself against possible danger by fastening its frail cover strongly to the plant. Previous to the appearance of this opening, one larva, not as far advanced, was watched through the thin walls of the aphid's body, and was seen to make a complete circuit of the interior in twenty-one minutes, driven slowly around by a series of pulsations, one hundred and eleven of which were required to bring the head again to the point from which it started. These movements probably vary with the temperature, time of year and maturity of the larvae. 112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 The experiment of leaving the dead aphid on its back was tried, and the parasitic larva allowed to produce the usual rent in the host while in this unlocked for position. The larva did not quit its home, but made desperate efforts to reach some- thing tangible and which it clearly expected to find. Failing in this it smeared the edges of the torn opening with a pro- fuse supply of silk, but was helpless to adapt itself to the ab- normal condition. When finally inverted it rapidly attached the host body to the glass and closed itself in as usual. Rhopalosiphum persicae was observed to anchor itself, when parasitized, in precisely the same manner as Aphis brassicae, the body of the host being torn and immediately fastened to the glass by silken threads spun by the larvae. Mr. E. G. Kelly, of the Bureau of Entomology, has ascer- tained that the individuals of the well-known, potentially pestif- erous To.ropicra graminum when parasitized by Lysiphlebns, are attached in exactly the same manner by the parasitic larvae to the food plant, after the host has died a miserable and linger- ing death. The above facts seem to be true only of Braconid parasites of aphids. Lack of material has prevented the acquirement of further knowledge concerning Chalcid, Cynipid or other parasites of plant lice, especially their mode of attaching the host to the plant. Larvae like those of Aphelinus, that do not alter the shape of the host when they produce its death, pos- sibly trust to the death grip of the host's claws, or they may gum the ventral wall of the dead host to the leaf by a fluid forced through the body pores. At all events, an Aphelinus- parasitized aphid has a whole skin, apparently, and yet seems to be slightly glued to the host plant at death. MR. HENRY L. VIERECK has left Detroit, Mich., and is now at the Bureau of Entomology, Washington. D. C. PREOCCUPIED GENERA IN LEPIDOPTERA. Pronuba Riley, being preoccu- pied by Megerlc in the mollusks, and by Thomson in the Coleoptera, I here propose for it the name Valentinia, in memory of our illustrious and lamented entomologist. Dryoperia nov. nom. for Dryope Chambers, preoccupied by Dryope Desv., and Dryope Bate, the former in the Diptera and the latter in the Crustacea. KARL R. COOLIDGE. March, '09! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 113 An Artificial Ant's Nest. BY DR. GEORGE P. BARTH, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Pursuant to numerous requests to place a description of an artificial ant's nest which I have found very useful in studies of the habits of ants, the relations of inquilines and parasites to the hosts, etc., where it would be available to a larger num- ber, the following is offered with the hope that it will prove of service to those interested. The nest is made of two glass cylindrical jars of different diameters. The larger has a flange or a U-shaped curvature near the top. A Mason or candy-jar serves very well and is cheap. The smaller cylinder is somewhat shorter, usually about one to two inches, and is conveniently made by cutting off a bottle at the desired height. The difference in diameter of the jars may be as great or little as one desires, varying according to the size of the ant to be introduced. The smaller jar is placed within the larger and the space between the tw 7 o rather firmly packed with moist earth or sand, the latter being the better as it leaves the glass clear and clean during the ex- cavating. The escape of the ants is prevented by a cap of wire or cotton gauze loosely stretched over a rather heavy iron ring of somewhat larger diameter than the top of the larger jar. A stick or two, long enough to reach from the bottom to the top of the inner well, will provide the ants with means of access to and egress from the well. The food cup is made by sharpening the end of a piece of tin three-quarters of an inch wide and moulding the other end into a cup. The sharp end is bent at right angles and forced into the soil between the jars. This brings the syrup and other food far enough away to avoid the soiling of the nest and thus to a certain degree preventing mildew. The nest is easily darkened by slipping a cylinder of dark paper or cloth over the outer jar. The advantages of this nest seem to be that : First, it allows the ants to build vertically as well as horizon- tally, certainly more natural to the insect, thus giving deep and superficial chambers and galleries. H4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 Second, the surface over which and through which the ant can burrow is very extensive and yet the nest occupies very little space and is very convenient to handle. Third, the nest cannot be destroyed through the accidental displacement of an upper sheet of glass allowing the ants to escape, as the cover is held in place. Fourth, it allows of a free view of the chamber and galleries from all sides. If an especially bright light is desired an elec- tric bulb can be lowered into the well. Fifth, the galleries and chambers have earthen roofs, floors and two sides. This is of distinct value in studying the ants' habits as they are found clinging to the roof of a chamber almost as frequently as they are on the floor. Sixth, being of some depth the nest remains at different degrees of moisture, thus corresponding to the natural nest. The nest furthermore remains sufficiently moist over a long period of time, thus avoiding destruction through drying. Seventh, the nest is quickly and cheaply made and is quickly and easily cleaned. Eighth, tracings of the nest can be made by outlining the galleries and chambers on the outside with a grease pencil and taking a copy. I have found that the nest varies considerably from day to day in that some galleries and chambers are filled and others constructed. Ninth, grass seed scattered over the surface of the ground will send down roots and provide aphid chambers and the like for such ants as build in grass plots. If a little care is exer- cised in not wetting the ground too much it will not "sour" or mould. I have kept such nests going for months and found the soil just as "sweet" at the end as at the beginning, the galleries and chambers of the ant and the free exposure to air by the gauze top keeping it sufficiently ventilated. To start the nest the material gathered in the field ground and all is dumped into the inner chamber, the layer of earth or sand between the jars having been previously moistened. As the material introduced dries it will be found that the ants seek moisture by building in the artificial nesting site and March, '09! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 115 carry their pupa, eggs, etc., into the new chambers, the para- sites and inquilines following. The well can then be emptied. Keeping the outer cylinder of the nest dark will induce the ants to construct their chambers largely on that surface, there- by freely exposing them to view. A few notes on December South Georgia Orthoptera. BY MORGAN HEBARD. The Christmas holidays of 1908 offered me another oppor- tunity to study the Orthoptera of South Georgia, at Thomas- ville. The fall had been extremely mild and consequently Or- thoptera was more abundant than usual as late as December 18. On the afternoon of that date I visited the pine woods near the town and found particularly good collecting among the dead leaves under the scrub oaks scattered through the pine forest. In these localities Schistoccrca dninifica was plentiful, and one or two specimens each of Odontoxiphidium apterum Belocephalus siibaptcms, Conocephalus fiiscostriatus, Me- lon o pi us kceleri, Melanoplns scuddcri, nymphs of Atlanticus gibbosiis, Arphia snlphnrea and Falcicula or Anaxipha were taken. In the pine woods undergrowth Amblytropidia occiden- talis, Aptenopedcs sphenarioides and Orphulella pratornui were abundant, while Ncmobuis aiubitiosus was frequently heard. In the nearby fields Encoptilophus costalis, Orphulella pratorum and an occasional Schistocerca americana and battered Trimerotropis citrina were discovered. A "branch" proved extremely unproductive until a small wet, grassy spot was found where two Acrydimn arciiosnm, two Nemobius Carolina, and five Tettigidea lateral is (four of the form polyinorplw, as understood by Hancock), were captured. Other records made during my stay in Thomasville were two Periplaneta tnincata found dead on the street, and one large female Hapifhiis brcvi- pcunis taken from a recess in a rail fence. Two immature Orocharis were also found, one under a sign on a pine tree and another living in a snug little nest indoors, made by curl- ing up and fastening the tip of one of the fronds of a potted fern. n6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 Notes on Contarinia sorghicola. By GLENN W. HERRICK. (PI. VII.) Upon assuming the duties of Entomologist at College Sta- tion, Texas, October ist, 1908, my attention was called to the serious and widespread injury to the seed of Kaffir corn and sorghum. In many localities in Texas a large part of the crop of Kaffir corn seed was destroyed and since this plant, in the drier parts of the state, takes the place of corn quite largely the failure to produce seed becomes a serious problem to the farmers in these regions. The cause of the "blasting" of the seed has been ascribed to various agencies, fungi, insects, un- favorable meteorological conditions, etc. Thinking that the trouble might be due to the work of an insect, I carried many of the heads of sorghum and kaffir corn to the laboratory and was gratified to find many small flies and an abundance of tiny hymenopterous insects issuing. In looking up the literature on sorghum insects I found that Mr. D. W. Coquillett had de- scribed a fly, bred from sorghum heads sent him by Mr. R. H. Price from this College in 1898, as Diplosis sorghicola. On submitting our specimens to Dr. Howard he informed me that Mr. Coquillett determined them as Cecidom\na sorghicola.* The blasting is undoubtedly due to the work of this small Cecidomyiid, Contarinia sorghicola. On October 29th we bred many adults, male, and female, from sorghum and kaffir corn heads, together with an abundance of parasites, kindly identi- fied for us by Dr. J. C. Crawford, as Aprostocetus diplosidis Craw. On November 29th I gathered five heads of Kaffir corn from the field and the adults of both species are still emerging. November 19. On the night of November I3th, we had quite a freeze at the College, the thermometer registering 27 deg. Of course, the heads were in the house and were not subjected to so low a temperature as 27 deg. On November 2Oth, I brought several Kaffir corn heads into the laboratory to see if the freeze had been hard enough to kill the larvae and pupae. In an examination of the blasted *Bull. 18 new series U. S. Bureau of Entomology, page Si. ENT. NEWS, VOL. XX. Plate VII. HERRICK ON CONTARINIA SORGHICOLA. L Larva; W Wing; M Antenna of male ; F Antenna of female ; O Oviposiloi ; (" Genitalia ; A Segment of male antenna ; B Segment of female antemi.i ; C Circumflli. March, '09! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 117 grains, I found active larvae and, since then, hundreds of para- sites and many adult Contarinia have emerged. The tempera- ture was sufficient to form ice and to kill the leaves of the corn. An affected head has a very characteristic appearance and is noted at once. The grains do not fill out and the head is much smaller and slenderer than a normal one, and becomes darker colored as though affected with a fungus disease. No doubt this appearance has led to the belief that the trouble was caused by a fungus. The cast pupae skins may be seen in abundance clinging to the tips of the blasted grains. In an examination of many af- fected seeds I was able to locate the larvae and pupae. The larva lie inside the glumes and inside the delicate palet, in di- rect contact with the ovary at its base. It is quite evident that the larva sucks the nourishment from the ovary and prevents it from maturing. Although the ovary grows a little and in- creases in size somewhat, it finally turns dark in color and shrivels. In our future investigations, we hope to determine the length of the larval and pupal period and the number of generations. The pupa occupies same position as larva. The female is a trifle over two millimeters long with a slender ovipositor (Fig. I, o) when fully extended as long as the body. It is slender, tapering, sharp pointed, and seems to be hard and chitinous. The abdomen of the female is orange red while the head and palpi are yellow. The antennae of the female are composed of fourteen seg- ments, each segment, except first, second and last constricted into a short petiole at the distal extremity and clothed with long scattered hairs and with very short hairs arranged more or less in rows. The peculiar structures, known as circumfili, run longitudinally along the meson of each segment but branch at both ends and encircle the segment near its proximal and distal ends, (Fig. ib). The antennae of the male are very character- istic. The segments, fourteen in number, are greatly constrict- ed in the middle and at the distal ends. The thickened portion of each segment bears a whorl of characteristic circumfili (Fig. la). These are really long looped filaments, each loop being Il8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 continuous with the next at the base. So far as I have been able to determine there is no connection between the whorls of different enlargements. The segments also bear long hairs, usually one large hair below each loop and a smaller one al- ternate with the loops. In addition, rows of very fine hairs encircle the segments. The genitalia are shown in figure ig. The wings are about twice as long as broad and clothed with fine scattered hairs. They also bear a fringe of long hairs along the hind margins (Fig. iw). This pest is going to be a difficult one to control and it may be that the main dependence will have to be placed upon para- sites which evidently increase as the season advances and kill enough of the Contarinia to enable a late crop of Kaffir corn to mature its seed. If this proves true it may become neces- sary to plant late for a crop of seed. Of course, where the corn is desired for soiling purposes or for green feed, early planting is all right. There is a second crop of Kaffir corn on the station grounds just maturing its seed, and the uninfested heads in this field averages in an extensive count, about ninety-one per cent. Nine per cent, of the heads were either badly or only slightly infested. The number of adult Contarinia and of Aprostocetus bred from some of these infested heads is also interesting as throw- ing some light on the work of the parasite, perhaps. It would depend, altogether, whether there were one or more parasites to each host. The ratio of the emerging adults of parasite and host in these late heads is as six of the former to one of the latter. At the time this paper was written, I was not aware that anyone had investigated the work of this pest. Later I find that Dr. C. R. Ball in 1907 came to the same conclusions re- garding the sterility of sorghum and published a note on Dip- losis sorghicola in Circular 13, Bureau Plant Industry, and again in Science Vol. XXVII. , No. 681, pages 114-115, Jan., 1908. March, '09! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 119 Two little-known Aphids on Carex sp By C. P. GILLETTE. (Pi. vnr.) * Brachycolus ballii Gill. In Canadian Entomologist for 1907, p. 67, the writer gave a description of the apterous viviparous, and oviparous females and eggs of this louse and its host plant, Carex nebraskensis. At that time the alate form, though much sought for, was unknown to me. While spending a day at the home of Senator J. H. Crowley, near Rock Ford, Colorado, June ist, 1907, a single alate viviparous female was found upon a rank growth of Carex along an irrigating ditch. Nearly every leaf was in- fested by this louse in various stages of development, but not another winged louse or pupa was seen. The louse has been common upon Carex in the vicinity of Fort Collins all through the summer and fall where both Mr. Bragg and myself have kept a close watch for the winged form but without finding it. so I am giving the following description and Fig. 5 of Plate VII, from the single example which had the right wing injured so as to obliterate most of the venation. I mention this fact as the branching of the third sector of the wing drawn seems as though it might be abnormal. ALATE VIVIPAROUS FEMALE. Head, thorax, antennae and legs black or blackish ; dorsum of abdomen pale yellowish with a narrow transverse blackish dash upon the dorsum of each segment ; each segment also having upon either lateral margin a dark spot, and upon segment 6 the lateral spot surrounds the cornicle; cornicles and cauda blackish, stigma of wing rather long and narrow, dusky; anterior wing hyaline with third trans- verse nervure thrice forked, which may be abnormal (the right wing was ruined in the single specimen studied) ; hind wing with one transverse vein only; cauda knobbed; anal plate bi-lobed ; cornicles *This species does not seem to me to fit any known genus well. It differs from Buckton's characterization of Brachycolus by having a longer 7th joint of the antenna and by having a knobbed, rather than a pointed cauda. The latter difference is a rather serious one allying it with the Callipterini. 120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, 'oo, mere pores but plainly marked ; legs very short. Length of body 1.70 mm.; length of wing 2.43 mm.; length of antennae 1.06 mm.; joints of antennae about as follows: Joints I and II together .14; III, .31; IV, .17; V, .20; VI, .16; VII, .09 mm. Joint III of the antennae has 7 rather small circular sensoria in a single row (Plate I, Fig. 6). Length of hind tibiae, .54. There are neither ocular nor thoracic tubercles. . The males of this species have not been apprehended with certainty. Callipterns f labeling Sanb. This species was described by Prof. Sanborn from a single apterous female from a doubtful food plant and as it occurs in abundance at Fort Collins where we have taken winged and apterous viviparous females in abundance, additional notes and descriptions are here given. A quantity of alcoholic specimens sent to Prof. Sanborn were determined by him as probably the same as his type. While the louse may attack some of the grasses, we have taken it by the thousand sweeping a small species of Carex that is common on low natural meadow land. ADULT APTEROUS VIVIPAROUS FEMALE, PLATE I, FIG. i. The fully adult examples have been somewhat larger than Prof. Sanborn's type, and also differ somewhat from his de- scription and figure by having the head less cone-shaped, though strongly convex, and the length (1.59 mm.) given for the anten- nae is probably a mistake as I have always found the antennae distinctly shorter than the body. It is probable that the figure 5 was intended for 3. Specimens taken at Fort Collins may be described as follows : Length, 1.70 to 2 mm.; width, .90 mm.; antenna, 1.40 mm.; 3d joint as long as 4th and 5th together; 6th a little shorter than 7th; and /th a little shorter than 5th. The single small circular sensorium near the end of segment 5 is more distant from the end than usual, and a similar one (or two) occurs near the end of segmenet 6. All seg- ments are free from true hairs but are thickly set with minute points giving the surface almost a velvety appearance as in the alate form (Plate I, Fig. 4); no frontal tubercles; head rather strongly pro- ENT. NEWS, VOL. XX Plate VIII. GILLETTE ON CALLIPTERUS FLABELLUS. March, '09! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 121 duced on vertex; eyes dark red, prominent, without ocular tubercles; dorsum smooth or with very minute tubercles on small brown spots, but along the lateral margins are lines of small tubercles bearing fla- bellae ; cornicles not longer than broad, somewhat dusky and upon a dusky field; cauda capitate, dusky; antenna dusky except basal half of joint three; legs short and stout, tibiae of hind legs but little longer than 3d joint of antennae; femora blackish; tibiae blackish at knees, paler below, tarsi blackish ; tibiae with thickened or somewhat flabel- late hairs on outei margin; beak very short, barely surpassing ist pair of coxae; color a pale yellowish green peppered with small brown specks and having large darkened areas above. The dark areas ex- tend along either side of the dorsum, beginning at the antennae and ending at the cornicles. They are broken into three pairs of blotches, one pair extending over head and prothorax, one pair upon meso- thorax, and one pair upon abdomen before and extending to the cor- nicles; and there is a small one just before the cauda. Larval forms lack the large dark patches but have their backs finely peppered with dark specks and a dusky streak on either side of the median line upon head and prothorax as shown in figure 3. WINGED FEMALE, PLATE I, FIG. 2. Described from specimens taken at Fort Collins, Colo., June 8, 1908, by L. C. Bragg : Length, 1.50 to i./o mm.; width, .70 mm.; antennae, 1.40 mm.; joints proportioned as in apterous form; 3d joint with about 15 very minute circular sensoria, not tuberculate ; dark markings similar to apterous form except that the whole middle portion of mesothorax and meta- thorax above are black, and the mesothorax is black below ; head broad between antennae, large; length of wing, 2.25 mm.; stigma short, broad and dark smoky in color as are the veins, each nerve ending in a dusky blotch ; posterior wing with veins smoky also and with but one discoidal ; otherwise like apterous form. Comparatively few alate examples but many pupae were taken. Both apterous and alate forms are active jumpers. A few sweeps of the insect net will take this louse by the thousand now. Sexual forms have not been studied. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. Callipterus flabcllus: I, apterous viviparous female; f, flabellus of preceding much enlarged; 2, alate viviparous female; 3, larva of apterous viviparous female before last molt ; 4, antenna of alate fe- male ; Brachycolus ballii: 5, alate viviparous female; 6, antenna of pre- ceding. The lice are enlarged 20, and the antennae 80 diameters. 122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 The Bees of Massachusetts : Osmia and Sphecodes. By JOHN H. LOVELL, Waldoboro, Maine. Since Professor Packard, almost fifty years ago enumerated the described species of Bombns and Psithyrns of New Eng- land, the Anthophila of Massachusetts have received very little attention. There are, indeed, besides the two genera named very few records of the bees of this State available. Some months ago I received from Mr. Charles W. Johnson of the Boston Society of Natural History a small collection of bees belonging to the genera Osmia and Sphecodes for determina- tion. A list of the species is as follows : SPHEGODES. Sphecodes pithanus n. sp. 5 . Length 10 mm. Head and thorax black ; abdominal segments 1-3 red, clouded with black, 4-5 black, 6 red. Head broad, face thickly covered with short white hair; mandibles red, simple; an- tennae black, the flagellum a dull red, joint 4 about as long as 3. Mesothorax faintly shining, with small not well defined punctures ; wings slightly tinged with reddish, the second submarginal cell nearly quadrate, the first recurrent nervure enters the second submarginal cell a short distance in front of the second transverse cubital ; stigma and nervures fuscous, tegulae testaceous; legs black, tibiae and tarsi red. Enclosure of the metathorax well defined, semi-circular, coarsely reticulated. Abdominal segments 1-2 nearly impunctate, 3-4 finely punctate at base, 5 all over ; basal segment largely black, 2-3 maculated with black, 4-5 wholly black, 6 dark red. Brookline, Mass., July 18, 1878, collected by S. Henshaw. In coloration this species most nearly resembles S. pimpinellae Robt. ; from which, however, it is easily separated by its larger size (S. pimpinellae is 7 mm. long), simple mandibles, venation (S. pimpinellae has the second submarginal cell narrow, and the first recurrent nervure unites with the second transverse cubital), and by the color of the abdomen. The type is de- posited in the Museum of the Boston Society of Natural His- tory. Sphecodes johnsonii n. sp. $ . A little over 10 mm. in length. Head and thorax black ; abdo- men red with black apical segments ; mandibles almost entirely black, the extreme tips rufous, bidentate ; antennae black, the flagellum March. '09! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 123 brownish beneath, joints 3 and 4 subequal. Face and vertex opaque, finely and densely punctured ; clypeus with sparse, large coarse punc- tures, sides of face clothed with whitish pubescence. Mesothorax sub- opaque, with dense medium-sized punctures ; wings strongly tinged with black, tegulae black, stigma and nervures brown-black; the second submarginal cell is strongly narrowed above so that it is almost tri- angular. The disc of the metathorax is coarsely reticulated but there is no distinct enclosure. Abdominal segments 1-3 are a deep red tinged with black, the basal half of segment 4 is red and the apical half black; segments 5-6 black; the basal segment is impunctate, segment 2 is impunctate in the middle, but finely and closely punctured laterally, the apical segments are finely and densely punctured, except on the apical margins. The typ^, a fine specimen very carefully prepared and mount- ed, will be placed in the Museum of the Bost. Soc. of Xat. Hist. It was collected at Fall River, Mass., Sept. 7, 1908, by X. S. Easton. Xo other species of Sphecodes known to me has the wings so strongly suffused with black, or the abdomen so dark a red ; the sculpturing of the metathorax is also characteristic. As in S. ranunculi Robt. the second submarginal cell is narrow- ed above, but in S. johnsonii the first and second transverse cubital nervures are separated by so small an interval on the marginal that the cell is nearly triangular. From S. ranunculi it may be readily distinguished by its form, color, punctuation. and in having joints 3 and 4 of the flagellum subequal, while in ranunculi joint 4 nearly equals 2 plus 3. This species is dedi- cated to Mr. Charles \V. Johnson who has made many very valuable contributions to the advancement of the entomology' of Xe\v England. Sphecodes dichrons Sm. 9. Framingham. Mass., May 28, 1904: X^rwich. Yt.. July 4. 1808, C. \Y. Johnson. S. dichrous Sm. $, var. smaller than tppe. Monomet, Mass., July 27, 1905, C. W. Johnson. S. dichrous Sm. J . Fall River, Mass., July 9, J. A. Cu-hman ; Auburndale, Mass., July 12, C. W. Johnson. S. Minor Robt. 9. Brookline (Chestnut Hill), Mass., July i, C. A. Frost. 124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, 'OQ S. persimilis Lov. & Ckll. 9. St. Johnsbury, Vt., June 27, C. W. Johnson ; Essex, Mass., Aug. i, C. E. Brown; Norwich, Vt., July 4, 1908, C. W. John- son. S. persimilis Lov. & Ckll. 9, var. smaller than type. Cohasset, Mass., June 6, 1908, Owen Bryant. S. obscurans Lov. & Ckll. 9. Orr's Is., Me., June 24, Auburndale, Mass., Sept. 18, C. W. Johnson. S. prosphorus Lov. & Ckll. $. Brookline, Mass., Sept. 6; Norwich, Vt., July 4, 1908, C. W. Johnson. S. prosphorus Lov. & Ckll. $. Brookline, Mass., Sept. 6; Auburndale, Mass., Sept. 12; Nor- wich, Vt., July 4, 1908, C. W. Johnson. S. ranunculi Robt. 9 . Orr's Is., Me., July 25, 1907, C. W. Johnson. S. ranunculi Robt. <$. Capens, Me., July 14, C. W. Johnson. S. levis Lov. & Ckll. 9 . Maiden, Mass., Apr. 28, C. W. Johnson. S. mandibularis Cr. 9 Auburndale, Mass., Aug. 21, C. W. Johnson; Martha's Vine- yard, Mass., July 17, J. A. Cushman. S. nubilus Lov. & Ckll. tf. Martha's Vineyard, Mass., July 17, J. A. Cushman. S. clematidis Robt. J 1 . Monomet, Mass., July 27, C. W. Johnson. OSMIA. Very few species of Osmia have as yet been discovered in New England. "It is certain," says Professor Cockerell in a letter to the writer, "that the genus is a very large one with us, and since it seems to abound in the mountains and northward in the west I do not know why we do not see more species from the New England States." March, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 125 Osmia stasima n. sp. $. Length n mm. A stout bluish-green bee, distinctly and very densely punctured; with the vertex, thorax and basal abdominal seg- ment clothed with hoary white pubescence. Head large, with bare, subquadrate front; clypeus purple, anterior margin entire, truncate; mandibles broad, black, feebly tridentate, the margin appearing almost entire, the interval between the second and third tooth broad. An- tennae black, apical joints of the flagellum brown. Wings tinted with reddish-brown, marginal cell darker, nervures dark brown, basal nervure before transverse medial, tegulae black. Legs black (hind coxae blue), with light brown hair on tibiae and reddish-brown on tarsi. The apical abdominal segment is thinly clothed with fine, whit- ish hair ; ventral scopa dense and black. Collected at Rockport, Mass., July 16. by C. W. Johnson. This species is allied to 0. major Robt., but the latter has the mandibles 4-dentate. O. major is said to closely resemble 0. atriventris, which has the mandibular teeth salient and well- defined ; but in O. stasima though the mandibles are large and broad their margin is almost entire or only slightly notched. If the specimen be viewed from the front the left anterior tibia has a small but prominent tooth on the outer apex. This type is in the Museum of the Boston Society of Natural History. Osmia lignaria Sav, 9 . Fall River, Mass., May 6, J. A. Cushman ; Winchendon, Mass., May 10, Dr. F. W. Russsell ; Squam Lake, N. H., June 22, G. Mallen. 0. atriventris Cr. 9 . N. Adams, Mass., June 14, C. W. Johnson ; Cambridge, Mass., June 9, G. Mallen; Hyannis Port, Mass., July 3, C. W. Johnson ; Orr's Is., Me., July 24, and Capens, Me., July 16, C. W. Johnson. 0. inspergens Lov. & Ckll. 9- Blue Hill, Mass., June u, 1890, J. H. Emerton. 0. albiventris Cr. 9 . North Adams, Mass., June 14, 1904, C. W. Johnson. 0. globosa Cr. 9 . Framingham, Mass., C. A. Frost. The nest of O. globosa was found April 24th under a stone, and the bee came out May 2. The cell was roughly fashioned 126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 of mud on the outside, but beautifully glazed and polished with- in. The opening by which the bee emerged was rather larger than its body, and the cell or chamber was probably closed by a lid as in the English O. .ranthomclana. The species of Osmia vary greatly in the manner of constructing their nests; some tunnel in sandy banks, posts and decayed trees, while others use tubes and small cavities already formed. Several Ameri- can species are known to construct earthen cells about half an inch in diameter. A new species of Andrena. BY H. L,. VIERECK, Washington, D. C. Andrena Carolina n. sp. 9- Length about 10 mm.; occipito clypeal distance* greater than the ocular distance, f facial fovea extending below the antennal line.J the former with its greatest width greater than two-thirds of the shortest distance between the lateral ocellus and nearest eye, third joint of an- tennae longer than fourth, plus fifth, but shorter than fourth, plus fifth, plus sixth, clypeus punctured, polished, with a median longitudinal im- punctate area, process of labrum broadly rounded ; abdomen with the second dorsal segment depressed less than one-half the distance between base and apex of the same segment, abdomen fasciate. Tegment almost throughout black or very dark brown in color, most of the hairs pale ochreous, the great majority of the hairs of the tibial scopa not branched but simple. Type locality, North Carolina, U. S. A. Type in the collection of the Amer. Ent. Soc., Phila., Pa. NOTES ON Two ARGIOPID GENERA. Crosby (Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci. LVII, 1905) proposed for the Genus Dicyphus Menge, preoccupied in the Hemiptera, the name Hypomma, but as Mr. F. P. Smith (Journ. Quekett Micros. Club, London, IV, 1904) has for the same reason given it the name Enidia, Crosby's genus must fall. Even were this not so, Hypomma would have been invalid, as Dahl in 1886 used that name for a Theridid genus. Smitheria nov. nom., type (Nericne) (Fal- cocria) cornuta Blackwall, for Falconeria Smith, preoccupied by Theo- bald in the reptiles. KARL R. COOUDGE. * The distance between the highest point on the vertex and the middle of apex of the clypeus. t The distance between the outermost point on each eye. I An imaginary straight line drawn tangent to the lowest point in the lowest point in the edge of each antennal fossa. March, '09! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 127 Another Season with Catocalae. By R. R. ROWLEY. During January and February I received small lots of eggs of Catocala nupta, electa, elocata and fra.rini from J. McDun- nough, of Berlin, Germany, and C. Leonhard, of Kearney, New Jersey. Not aware that the weather of early March was warm enough to affect these eggs, I lost much of this European stuff before the middle of the month, the larvae dying before I knew of their hatching. The few remaining eggs of electa, nupta and elocata, which I supposed infertile, hatched about the last of the month before there were any leaves on which to feed them. Furnish- ing the young crawlers (more properly "gallopers," for young Catocala larvae are the most energetic insects I ever had any- thing to do with), split buds until I could get leaves from slips of willow and poplar placed in tumblers of water in a warm room of the house. The fra.rini eggs hatched later and did well from the begin- ning, though their development was slow. The growth of the larva of this latter species must be as strong in captivity as in its wild state since the caterpillar is the largest of the "Cato' worms" and the imago much larger than any of our American species of the genus. The handsomest larva of these species is that of electa, a real beauty. A quill of eggs labeled sponsa gave larvae that refused oak and took to poplar after most of them had died. A single imago told the story. It was nupta. The growth of these European caterpillars was really exas- peratingly slow, but most interesting in a developmental way. All of them fed on the food plants of cara, amatrix and parta, and the larvae all bear no little resemblance to the American species, all having a cross elliptical elevation or dorsal hump over the fifth abdominal segment and the latero-ventral row of short setae. After the first moult, the larvae of C. fra.rini are very light in color and so contine to the end of the larval stage. I am almost tempted to minutely describe these larvae from 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 the full notes taken during their development, but this has been done, doubtless, by a number of European writers. The larvae of C. clocata and nupta hide themselves when not eating (in daylight) under leaves and paper in the bottom of the jar, while those of C. elccta and fraxini remain on the plant stems, rarely, even when making ready to moult, go to the bottom. While busy with the above-mentioned species, the few eggs of Catocala ilia, which Mr. E. A. Dodge had given me, hatched on the 8th and gth of April. Before the first moult, which occurred on the i8th, the larvae are light colored, striped longi- tudinally, with fine lighter and darker lines. Four low lateral darker-brown, roundish spots to third abdominal segment and a smaller one in front of the last abdominal segment. The head hardly darker than the body. Before the second moult, which occurred on the 2ist, the larva is somewhat darker, especially along the dorsum near the posterior end. The lower row of lateral large spots are strongly pronounced and black. Dorso-laterally, there is a row of black dots (to each side). These rows, less strong, are present be- fore the first moult. Head black. Before the third moult, the larva is nearly three- quarters of an inch long, gray, with a line of elongate, some- what-lunulate dark dashes, mid-laterally, and two pairs of sub- . dorsal dark, elongate spots on the two segments just in front of the first pair of prolegs. Head grey. The larva moulted the third time on the 25th. Body light ashen gray, the black longitudinal lunulate lines almost disap- pearing. The pro as well as true legs light gray, with black dots (two to true leg and one to the pro-leg) . The longitudinal, lateral lunulate lines dim and but little darker than the body color. The body of this larva from the hatching is rough or sand-papery looking. After the third moult the body is more visibly covered with low, raspy tubercles and short bristles. In front of the fourth pro-leg on either side of the dorsum is a small quadrangular black spot. Head light gray, with a brown- ish lateral dash. A latero-ventral line of fringe or setae. Just after the fourth moult, the larva is over an inch long, March, '09! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 129 light gray, with darker markings. The dorsal light gray band of alternately expanded and contracted portions with irregu- larly shaded hlack spots above the lateral band of light gray. Above the pro-legs and true legs is a line of narrow black lun- ules. On top of the first abdominal segment is a large trian- gular (angle pointed toward the head) white spot. A lateral row of setae just above the true and prolegs. Head gray, with a lateral black dash passing entirely around. A black dot on each side of the head inside the black dashes. The true and pro-legs are gray, with white dots. After the fifth moult the larva of ilia has a general ground color of light gray, with darker irregular longitudinal mark- ings. The tubercles slightly yellow at the tip. Prolegs and feet light gray and dotted with black. Head gray, mottled with brown. A slight lateral darker dash. Larva decidedly flat. Underside, a beautiful pink, with the characteristic black spots. The lateral setae are short. The mid-lateral, longitudinal band, irregular and the lightest shade on the body. The dorso-lateral tubercles on the first abdominal segment as well as the fifth are stronger than the others. I failed to secure a pupa from the ilia larvae, the last two dying when fully mature. Mr. E. A. Dodge informs me that the food plant of ilia is burr-oak. I tried to feed them through on chinquapin oak. On the 25th of April, in company with Mr. E. A. Dodge, I collected 50 larvae of Catocala illecta. on honey locust sprouts. These varied in size from half an inch in length to quite two inches. Mr. Dodge found quite as many, and together we got six or seven small larvae of C. inintbcns from' the same plants. The larva of illecta is unlike that of any other Catocala larva with which I am acquainted. Its colors make it very conspicu- ous and it must suffer much from parasitic enemies. The full- grown larva has a longitudinal white band below the spiracles. A dark brown, almost black body color crossed by narrow, ir- reguar white lines and with a spiracular row of red-brown spots (one to the segment) and another lateral (sub-dorsal) row of somewhat more pronounced red-brown spots, two to the seg- ment. The red spots on the thoracic segments often coalesce forming cross bands of red. Head dove color, with three lat- 130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 eral longitudinal black dashes and a central short one and two small lateral black spots on the top of the head. The true legs dark brown, so also the pro-legs. The under side of the body cross lined with black, and white as above, but paler. The ventral roundish or quadrangular central row of spots black, but not intensely so. Little change in the larva from hatching to maturity in color and markings. The cross lines of white, the red-brown spots and the broad white under-spir- acular band are the characteristic markings. On April 27th I got 14 larva of illecta on low honey locust sprouts in a cow pasture across the street from where I live. These were all small and apparently moulting the third time. They lie close to the twig, usually a dead one, if such is on the bush, or on a bare twig, sometimes two or three quite close together. Very small larvae, probably just after the second moult, often lie along the side of a thorn and are difficult to see. A shriveled dead branchlet is a favorite place for these young larvae. I have noticed the same preference for a dead twig in the young larvae of both C. piatrix and C. cara. On April 28th I found 30 more larvae of C, illecta and 101 on May 2d. Also one innubcns larva on the latter date. May Qth, 25 larva of C. illecta. A full-grown larva of illecta is two and a half inches long. The longitudinal subspiracular band is pearly white. The cross lines of black and white are seven or eight each to the segment. The row of brick-red spots along the spiracles shows strongly against the pearly white band below. Another more prominent subdorsal row of red spots. The end segment of the true legs is black. The pro-legs are striped crosswise. The ventral black spots are large and the ones between the pro-legs the largest. The first illecta larva began to spin its cocoon on the 5th of May and pupated on the 8th. The first larva of innubcns pu- pated May the 2Oth. The chrysalis of illecta is from one and one-half to one and three-quarters inches long, deep red-brown and covered with a whitish prunescence that makes the pupa look black beneath the bloom. The larva spins a thin cocoon inside leaves and twigs, more often several inches above the bottom of the breeding jar than in the paper on the bottom. March, '09! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 131 Most of the larvae were collected after several hard frosts had killed the leaves of the plants most exposed, and when taken from the dead-looking sprouts were quite benumbed with cold. The number of parasitized larvae were few and the cat- erpillars thrived well in 6-gallon tin cans. A number of the larvae, after spinning, were unable to shed their skins and per- ished. The percentage of chrysalids that failed to yield moths was small. All in all, it is a very satisfactory larvae to handle, barring the odor from the ordure and the dropping leaves. In fact, the character of the plant and the great number of the larvae made it nearly impossible to keep the breeding cans clean and odorless, and the loss in larvae was mainly due to that cause. The first imago of illecta came from pupa May 3Oth, making the length of pupal stage 22 days. From the two hundred and twenty larvae collected, one hun- dred and fifty pupae were secured, and from these latter, over a hundred perfect imagoes. The last imago appeared June 2ist. From the unusual abundance of the larvae, one would think the imagoes could be readily found, but not a moth did I see in the woods or brush in the daytime. The only illectas I ever took were at bait at night. The apparent kinship of illecta and abbreviate}] a, at least in color, suggests the probable likeness of the larvae of the two species and the probable kinship of their food plants. Neither in the larvae nor in the imagoes is there any color variation worth mentioning in illecta. Freshly hatched larvae of Catocala vidua are of an almost transparent greenish brown, becoming a dark amber, with very dark heads. Eggs of this species hatched May loth. Toward the second moult the larva becomes lighter and more or less streaked longitudinally. After the second moult much lighter and still streaked lengthwise. The subdorsal streaks blacker on the top of the second and third abdominal segments. Body quite bristly. The top of the fifth abdominal segment a little darker than the rest, but with little appearance of being humped. True and prolegs light gray. After third moult, larva one and one-quarter inches long, quite light. Lateral row of setae. Head gray-brown with longitudinal fine darker lines and a short, dark side-dash. As after second moult the sub-dorsal 132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '(X) lines on the second and third abdominal segments are distinct- ly black and like long, slender triangles. The hump over the 3d pair of prolegs more pronounced and darker than the rest. The fourth moult occurred May 3Oth, and the larva was quite two inches long-, slender, lead-gray, with markings as after third moult. The head of the mature larva is gray, streaked with lighter color and a short unnoticeable black dash either side of the mouth. Body light gray with a faint reddish brown tint. Lower lateral row of bristles or setae. Tubercles reddish. A cross triangular saddle-like spot over the 5th abdominal seg- ment. Under side of body leaden with round black spots shaded behind by deep red. No hump. This larva seems very difficult to rear in confinement, as all of my specimens died before time to pupate, the last one on June I3th. In the past six or seven years, this moth has not been abundant here, despite the fact a single female in captivity laid for Mr. Dodge 871 eggs. Atmospheric or weather conditions, breeding disease, are responsible for the fatality among Cato- cala larvae and not their parasitic foes. These larvae were fed on shag bark hickory which Mr. Dodge assures me is their food plant. However, after searching for three years, I have yet the first larva to find in the woods, though I have taken cat- erpillars of C. cpione, residua, habilis, obscura, angiisi and rob- insoiii on hickory. As large a "worm" as it is, when full grown, it is difficult to see how it can escape the collector. Another species about as common as vidna and often taken with it on white oak is C. robins oni, a single female of which laid 902 eggs, Mr. Dodge informs me. The same gentleman secured from a female of C. amatrLv, a rare moth here, 436 While the past season was certainly unfavorable for Cato- cala larval growth in most species, it was singularly favorable for the growth of C. ill e eta larvae, despite the killing frosts of April. During this season, as through last summer, on the same walnut bush and the same willow I took larvae of piatrix and cara from the 29th of May to the loth of August, but did not March, 'ool ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 133 succeed in getting a single piatrix larva through to maturity and but two or three of the cara, despite the attention I gave the caterpillars. On the 27th of May a few eggs of C. piatrix that I had kept to note the early stages of the larva hatched, and at one day old the caterpillar was very small, slender, with a yellow colored head and with the front half of the body green and the last half yellow-green. Like all other Catocala larvae, young piatrix is very active and hard to keep from escaping. On the 3oth of May the larvae moulted the first time. Color light, yellowish green longitudinal lines faintly visible. After the first moult the larva assumes its characteristic markings, and while the mature larvae differ much in the depth of color, they vary none in shape. I had at one time supposed that a larva almost white at maturity, with the longitudinal lines almost obsolete, head red and without the lateral black dash would prove to be some rare species. Unfortunately the larva died when just ready to spin. Other like caterpillars fail- ed to mature, but thanks to Mr. E. A. Dodge, he got a moth from a pupa of this form and it was a plain piatrix. Another variety of larva has a rather narrow dorsal-central longitudinal band of pale red or flesh color, contracted and expanded into elongate links. A dark, mid-dorsal line traverses this band. Bordering this dorsal band on either side is a dark brown con- tracted and expanded band of about the same width as the dorsal band. Below this dorsal lateral band is a much broader flesh colored longitudinal band, and below this a darker band with a longitudinal black line. The prolegs are dark brown on the outside, while the true legs are light flesh color. The whole under surface is pale red or flesh color, with round, black spots. The head is black, except the sides which are pale flesh color. The white larva referred to above had a bright red head without markings. Another form has the longitudinal lines intensified and dif- fers much from the dark form with the bands and lines practi- cally obsolete. On the 3Oth of May I found at the base of a shell-bark hick- ory tree, under a bit of bark, a large larva of Catocala residua, 134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 and a few days later (June 4th) I obtained 17 Catocala larvae under the bark of one hickory tree, while Mr. E. A. Dodge and son Ralph got nearly 30. This was a good haul for one tree. Again, on June 9th, I took 18 larvae on shag bark hickory and on the I2th, 25. These various larvae gave us five species of moths : obscnra, robinsoni, angusi, Judith and habilis. The Judiths were among Mr. Dodge's find. A full-grown larva of obscura is light gray, with somewhat lighter tubercles. The longitudinal bands hardly distinguishable. No lateral setae. On the top of the first and second abdominal segments is a black cross line extending downward only over the dorsal and sub-dorsal longitudinal bands. Head light gray, with a short lateral (mouth) dash extending hardly to the middle of the side of the head. Ventral side light gray and with the characteris- tic round spots, not black as usual, but brown. A broken al- most white band extends backward laterally from the first ab- dominal segment. Feet and prolegs gray. The white lateral band is narrow and just above the spiracles. Larva two and a half inches long. A dark brown, more or less intermittent wavy line separates the lateral band above the spiracles from the broad illy-defined dorsal band. The latter includes the dorso-central and the bounding lateral bands. There is a bristle to each tubercle. No distinct hump. This larva, taken on June 9th, gave an imago of C. obscura on July 9th. A full grown larva of Catocala habilis is two and one-quarter inches long, watery or smooth looking, gray, with a reddish tint, more distinctly red along the spiracular band. The mid- dorsal band narrow, lighter than the general color. A narrow black band just above the flesh colored spiracular band. Head grayish, with a red tint and with a broad, black lateral band. A central black spot at the top or back of the head. True and prolegs whitish, with a reddish tint. Ventral side greenish white. The ventral spots smaller than usual in this genus, pale brown. No dorsal hump and no lateral fringe or setae. Sparse, short bristles on indistinct tubercles. This larva is very active, jumping surprisingly. The last larvae we got on hickory were taken July 4th, though caterpillars of both habilis and certainly robinsoni could have been found much later. March, '09! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 135 The larva of Catocala angnsi is so much like that of C. hab- ilis as to be easily mistaken for it. Hardly so red, not so slick looking and with a less distinct or broken stigmatal band. From chrysalids of this species I obtained one normal angnsi and two small lucettas in early August. On the 3d of August, Mr. Dodge took a fine viduata and a splendid paulina, while I took a gigantic subnata, species all rare here. On August 4th, Ralph Dodge took a fine viduata. On the same day I took my first and only nebulosa of the sea- son. On most of our trips Mr. Frank Caldwell accompanied us. The summer ranked fairly with the past six or seven seasons with no more Catocalae than usual, but we closed the year by securing great numbers of eggs of this beautiful genus of moths. In trapping for larvae of Catocalae I used the same devices as last year, and added to them shingles which I leaned against the trees. I found that if two shingles slightly separated were leaned together against a bush or shrub the chances of secur- ing a larva between the boards was greater than if a lone shin- gle was used. Dead twigs are favorite resting places for young larvae. On mornings after nights of rain I was sure to find larvae, driven down by the water, no doubt. CORRECTIONS. In my article. "Notes on the Study of Some Iowa Catocalae" in the January ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, occur a few mistakes which 1 wish to correct. The fourth word on the twentieth line of the thirteenth page should be chrysalids not chrysalis. The first word on the twenty-fifth line of the same page should be found not formed. On the fifteenth page, thirty-second line, the fourth and fifth words should read females instead of two males. This is rather a ludicrous mistake. The above mistakes might be passed without notice since the reader would readily recognize them as typographical errors, but the next two corrections are of more serious mistakes. On the seventeenth page the thirty-fourth line should read "The egg of amatrix small, depressed, almost" instead of "The egg of cara is small dark brown, with almost white." For the top line on the eighteenth page substitute "The egg of Catacola cara, dark brown with almost white." ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors. All contributions will be considered and passed upon at out earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put " copy " into the hands of the printer, for each num- ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sendiiig special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five " extras," without change in form, will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. ED. PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1909. A meeting to form a society for the purpose of ascertaining the locality, habits, etc., of insects taken within the United States was held on February 22d, 1859, at the residence of Mr. E. T. Cresson in the City of Philadelphia. This was the beginning of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia which subsequently became the American Entomological Society. The fiftieth anniversary of the formation of this society was re- cently celebrated. The present set of younger entomologists can hardly appreciate the struggles, trials and tribulations of those that worked fifty years ago. There were very few per- sons engaged in the study and books on the subject were not many and those that were published were expensive. Money aid was almost unknown and everything was a labor of love. The proceedings of this early society were gotten out by the members, who set the type and did the press work, and all the time given to such work was stolen from their occupations for a livelihood. Some of the younger set are at times a bit criti- cal when they refer to some of the work of the older writers and workers, but this is largely due to the fact that they do not appreciate the difficulties under which their predecessors la- bored or else the ability to correct a well known author tickles their vanity. Is it possible that the pioneers realized what en- tomology would grow to, or what it will be in the future? Probably not. They simply studied insects because they had inquiring minds and loved nature. 136 March. '09! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 137 Notes and Ne\vs. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. THE BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY for a number of years has made the New England fauna and flora the leading feature of it> museum. The main hall, including the gallery around it, is devoted tr> the exhibition of New England animals. The mammals and birds are displayed on the main floor. The lower vertebrates and all the in- vertebrates have been placed in the gallery. Insects. Owing to their scientific interest and economic importance, the insects are receiving special attention. On account of the vast number of species and the diminutive size of many of them, only a small proportion has been placed on exhibition. These are in the main gallery, contained in some eighty glass-covered boxes. About 3,000 species are shown, which are representative of all the orders of insects, and illustrate also galls, various kinds of injurious work, life histories, and sundry economic features. It is estimated that over 11,000 insects have been recorded from New England, and of this number there are more than 5,500 species in the Society's collection. The Curator in charge is our esteemed authority on Diptera, Mr. Charles W. Johnson. MELITAEA GILLETTEI BARNES. During the summer of 1906, while col- lecting in the Coeur d'Alene Mountains of Montana, I was fortunate in obtaining a small series of this rare species, hitherto known only from the type locality, Yellowstone Park, and Idaho. At the time of capturing the specimens I noticed that they were of a species new to me, but being far out in the wilds, I was unprepared to do better than paper my captures. One $ which I confined, considerately deposited a batch of eggs in the topsy-turvy way Melitaes sometimes have. I could discern no differences between the eggs of gillettei and those of chalcedon Boisd., both of which I had at the same time. Larvae and chrysalids were also observed on the snow-berry, Symphoricarpus race- mosus Michx., a common plant in that region. Five examples of gillettei now before me are quite constant, no perceptible variation be- ing displayed, and answer perfectly to the original description of Dr. Barnes. Other specimens are in the collection of Mr. Fordyce Grinnell, Jr., of Pasadena. It is somewhat of a mystery to me how such a dis- tinct and noticeable species as the present one escaped detection for so long, as it is apparently well distributed. Even while on the wing it pre- sents a striking appearance and is not likely to be confused with any of its congeneric forms. Elrod, in his Butterflies of Montana (Bull. Uni. Montana), does not record it, although my specimens were taken only about fifty miles from where his paper was written. KARL R. COOLIW.E. 138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 THE REV. G. H. Raynor, M. A. in the Entomologists Record and Jour- nal of Variation, Volume xxi, p. 4, 1909, gives the descriptions of twenty- one varieties of the butterfly Aglais urticae, and then in addition de- scribes and gives names to thirty more. Of the twenty-one previously known he reduces one to the synonymy, so that we now have fifty named varieties of this single species of butterfly. Mr. Raynor seems to be a specialist on this one species. If he turns his attention to the other butterflies and moths he will put to shame even the editor of the Record as a name mill. JUNONIA COENIA HUBN. IN MAINE. In Ent. News, xix, p. 386, Mr. Wood records the occurrence of this species at York, Me. I would say that during the past eight or nine years I have found stray specimens every season at Fortune's Rocks, near Biddeford Pool, a few miles further north than York. In 1908 I saw only two specimens a slightly broken one on July 30th and a perfect one August 2nd, both of which were captured. Mr. Lyman has taken the species at Portland some years ago. At Fortune's Rocks I also took last July two specimens of Eurcma cutcrpe, Men. (lisa, Bd.), the first time I have observed it there. A number of other specimens of it were seen early in the month before my arrival. ALBERT F. WINN, Westmount, Que. NOTES ON NEW JERSEY ORTHOPTERA. In the Journal of the N. Y. Entomological Society for December, 1908, an Orchelimum collected at Tuckerton, N. J., and on Staten Island, N. Y., was described under the name of O. crusculum. Mr. Rehn has lately compared some of the Tuckerton specimens with the Orchelimum fidicinium from Florida, described by himself and Mr. Hebard in 1907, and finds them to be the same, the characters mentioned for crusculum, such as femoral spines, differences in color, etc., not being considered of specific rank. Another insect recently found by me in New Jersey is the cricket Miogryllus saussurci, which occurs in the South, and has also been found in Southern Indiana by Mr. Blatchley. At Lakehurst, N. J., it is found under dead leaves and other objects lying on the ground. My attention was first called to the insect by hearing the males stridulating at night. Their song is a slow zee, repeated at intervals of several sec- onds. Later the females were also found. At Lakehurst and on Staten Island, where I have also collected, several individuals were taken on sandy ground, it reaches maturity in June. Individuals of this species of cricket differ markedly in the de- velopement of the hearing organ on the inner side of the fore tibiae. In two of the examples collected this organ is totally absent, in four it is slightly developed, and in one it is slightly developed on the inner sur- face of the right tibia, but absent on the same surface of the left leg. The finding of these insects is only another proof of what is fast becoming an entomological axiom, namely, any species to be found in the eastern United States is likely to inhabit New Jersey. WM. T. DAVIS. March, '09! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 139 ENTOMOLOGICAL LITERATURE RECEIVED Specific Characters in the Bee Genus Colletes. By Myron Harmon Swenk. 60 pages and 3 plates. Sphegoidea of Nebraska. By Harry Scott Smith. 88 pages and one plate. Both of these papers are contributions from the Department of Entomology of the University of Nebraska. Bibliography of Canadian Entomology for the year 1907. By Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, D. C. L- Trans. Royal Soc. Canada. Third Series, 1908- 1909. Insect and Fungus Pests of the Orchard and Farm. By Arthur M. Lea, F. E. S., Government Entomologist of Tasmania. Council of Agric., Tasmania, 1908. Doings of Societies. A meeting for organizing- an entomological society to pro- mote an interest in Entomology and allied subjects in this State was held in the offices of the Providence Forestry Co., Union Trust Co. Building, at Providence, R. I. By a vote of the nine members present it was decided to call the organization the Rhode Island Entomological Society. A Constitution was read and adopted, and after this, the election of officers took place, which resulted as follows : President, Prescott D. Reynolds ; Vice-President, Arthur H. Kingsford; Secretary, William Place, jr.; Treasurer, H. F. Edy. After a brief discussion regarding the sight of ants, the meet- ing adjourned. WILLIAM PLACE, JR., Secretary. The Brooklyn Entomological Society met Jan. 8, 1909, at 55 Stuyvesant Avenue, with President Pearsall in the chair and thirteen members present. C. L. Pollard, M.A., curator of the Staten Island Museum was elected an active member. The election of officers followed. Mr. Pearsall refusing re- election. Prof. John B. Smith was unanimously chosen presi- dent ; Geo. P. Engleharclt, vice-president ; Chris. H. Roberts, treasurer for his 315! consecutive term. As Mr. Roberts is I4O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, 'OQ still a comparatively young man we are confident that in time he will surpass the remarkable record now held by the revered treasurer of the Philadelphia Society, Mr. Ezra T. Cresson ; R. P. Dow, recording 1 secretary ; A. C. Weeks, corresponding secretary, which position he has held for over a quarter of a century ; Geo. Franck, curator ; Wm. T. Bather, librarian. It was voted to appoint a committee of five to regulate the valuable library which the society possesses, make a card cata- logue, bind wherever necessary and make it of the greatest possible practical use. It was then voted that E. L. Graef, the veteran lepidopterist whose collection including all types, graces the Brooklyn Institute Museum, be elected honorary president of the society. The personnel of the society has changed much during the past three years. The old guard, who were members when the Bulletin and Entomologica Americana were in their glory, are faithful, but recent elections have been largely young men who are collectors and not necessarily masters of the principles of fundamental entomology. The policy of the society has now been changed to meet present conditions. There is to be an educational keynote running through the future programs, and practical demonstration is to figure. Under the head of scientific discussion Mr. Englehardt ex- hibited a collection of mimetic or protectively colored forms which he collected last summer in Guatemala. A series of Syntomidae showed remarkable resemblance to the wasps of the genus Polybia. The species of the genus Ageronia which rest on tree trunks with wings expanded were fine examples of protective coloration of upper wing surfaces. He showed also a good variety of mimetic Papilio, Picris and Hcliconius and protected Caligo, Satynis, Victorina, etc. R. P. Dow,, Recording Secretary. A regular meeting of the Entomological Section of the Chi- cago Academy of Sciences was held Thursday, January 2ist, at the John Crear Library. Nine members present. The Recorder read an announcement of the death of Dr. March, 09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 141 Martin Matter, who attended the meetings occasionally. He was spoken of very highly as a sincere friend of nature study. He was best known in the Entomological Section for the interest he took in the study of ants, their habits, etc. Messrs. Beer and Kwiat exhibited their collections of Lima- codidas. These included the following species taken in the Chicago Area : Euclea elliottii Heterogenea shurtleffii paenulata Prolimacodes scaf>ha Adoneta spinulodes Limacodes bigtittata Sisyrosea textula " rectilinca var. latomia Lithacodes fasciola " Y-inversa var. laticlavia Tortricidia flexuosa Packardia albipunctata " testae ca There was also another Tortricidia, closely resembling flexuosa, but much paler, fresh specimens being more of a smooth, cream yellow, as compared with the yellowish brown of flexuosa. The primaries also are distinctly wider and shorter with the apex less produced than in flexuosa. Both sexes were represented and quite a number of specimens, all having been taken in the sandy region around Hessville, In- diana, where they appear a little later as a rule than flexuosa. Another interesting specimen exhibited by Mr. Kwiat was a Packardia, which he is almost convinced is a new species. Nothing like it seems to have been described. In style and marking it is like albipnncta, but instead of a whitish ground color on the primaries, this is smooth, yellowish brown, the basal space and outer margin being without clouds or suf- fusion of any kind, the space between the transverse lines filled solidly with a blackish bue color. The white spots appear as in albipnncta. Secondaries black. Messrs. Healy and Henneberger reported the capture on May 30, 1908, at Glen Ellyn of Thyris lugnbris. This is a new species for this vicinity. Mr. Liljeblad exhibited several boxes of Coleoptera just re- ceived from Austria. Their excellent condition elicited com- ment. 142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '(X) Mr. Wolcott exhibited his series of local Haliplidae, the species represented being : H ali phis t riop sis, Say. Haliphis rtificollis, DeG. cribrariuSj Lee. " longulus, Lee. nitens, Lee. Cnemidotus edcntulus, Lee. He stated that while the number of species equals those re- corded in the Ulke list of Washington, D. C., only two H. triop- sis and H. ruficollis are common to the two regions. Air. Wol- cott also exhibited a specimen of Purpuricenus humeralis with three tibiae and tarsi on left fore leg. Also a few rare species including Nothopus zabroidcs and Ips obtusus. Say. ALEX. KWIAT. Recorder. At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social, held De- cember 16, 1908, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, No. 1523 South Thirteenth Street, Philadelphia, there were four- teen members present. Mr. Harbeck stated that he had taken specimens of Eugnor- iste occidentalis Coq. on golden rod, at Trenton, N. J. The localities given for this species in Aldrich's list are Las Cruces, N. M. and Moscow, Idaho. Mr. H. W. Wenzel reported that he had seen specimens of Tenodera sinensis in numbers in many places at Anglesea, N. J. in 1908, from July to September. Prof. Smith said that he had egg-masses of the same species put out from Orange Mountains to Burlington County, and at not a single place have they established themselves ; indi- vidual specimens have been found here and there, showing that they have just only maintained themselves. Prof. Smith also spoke of his observations on the flea beetle, Chaetocnema con-finis; this species hibernates in adult stage, the larvae and pupae are found in roots of bindweed, and as soon as foliage appears on sweet potato, the larvae attack this plant, making channels on leaves, which kill the vines. They disappear by middle of June. Mr. H. W. Wenzel spoke of collecting many Coleopterous species on different plants than upon those in or on which they March, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 143 breed, referring particularly to species of Leptura, Xylcnc, Lebia, etc. Mr. Harbeck said he had recently seen great numbers of Cicindela dorsalis on decomposing meat at the seashore. Mr. Harbeck also stated that he had found that by allowing Tipu- lids to dry before pinning, and relaxing them after they had dried, the legs were not so apt to drop off. Mr. Daecke sug- gested touching of base of legs with a thin solution of glue to prevent legs dropping off. Mr. Charles Greene said that he had put two tipulid larvae in a box, and that one of the larvae ate the other. Dr. Skinner spoke of some bag worm larvae which he col- lected in the Huachuca Mountains, but which he was not able to raise ; they were evidently a new species. Dr. Skinner also referred to a lecture by Dr. F. C. Wellman, the African ex- plorer, in which the lecturer laid stress upon the importance of entomological training, and especially the working out of the metamorphosis of insects, so as to be able to prevent the dis- tribution of disease by the knowledge of their life habits. FRANK HAIMBACH, Secretary. At the twenty-first annual meeting of the Feldman Collect- ing Social held January 20, 1909, at the home of Mr. Wenzel, 1523 S. I3th St., Philada., the following members were pres- ent : Prof. John B. Smith, Dr. Castle, Messrs. Daecke, Seiss, Laurent, H. W. Wenzel, H. A. Wenzel, Hoyer, Kaeber, Har- beck, Haimbach, Huntingdon, C. T. Greene, Geo. M. Greene and last but not least we enjoyed the presence of our honorary member Mr. James H. B. Bland, the first president of the Feld- man, whose visit though unexpected to most of us was most opportune as to-night is the one on which the social becomes of age. President Daecke in the chair. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and adopted. The president read his annual address, which was ordered to be incorporated in the minutes. The following officers were elected to serve during the year 1909: 144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, '09 H. Harbeck, President ; F. Haimbach, Vice-President ; H. W. Wenzel, Treasurer ; Geo. M. Greene, Secretary ; Chas. T. Greene, Asst. Secretary. Prof. Smith remarked that in importations from France nests of Brown Tail Moth had been introduced into New York and New Jersey, and was more injurious in countries where introduced than its native home. The parasites of this species do not adapt themselves to this country as well as the host. Same speaker said he had heard of a nursery where peonies were so spotted by some insect as to become unsalable so he sent someone to investigate and found blue bottle flies in uncount- able numbers. About a quarter mile away was found a field where scrapings from skins of pigs were placed and allowed to decay so the bristles could be used. This entire field of about one-half acre was covered with maggots the species w T ere of the genera Calliphora and Ln cilia. Mr. Wenzel stated Mr. Seeber had years ago found a similar field up Second street where he collected many species of Trox. Said it would be a great spot for small Silphidae and Nitiduli- dae. Mr. Daecke said he had found the collections of the Harris- burgers mostly undetermined but had noticed many interesting Diptera, some species exceedingly common there are rare here. Said he had noticed very good collecting places in the immedi- ate neighborhood. Mr. Wenzel exhibited specimens of Colaspoides violaccipcn- nis collected bv H. A. Wenzel and Kaeber in Huachuca Mts.. ./ Ariz., in July. This species was described by Dr. Horn from 2 $ , exact locality unknown but possibly from Southern Arizona. Also exhibited a specimen of Microdon globosus Fabr. collect- ed at Castle Rock, vi-13, a species of Diptera rare in this Stale. Geo. M. Greene exhibited a longicorn, Pctrognatha gigas Fabr. from Congo River, and a Buprestid, Jnlodns aequinoc- tialis Gray, from Sahara Desert. GEO. M. GREENE, Secretary. APRIL, 1909, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XX. No. Larva of Culex perturbans as described by Dr. John B, Smith. EDITOR : HENRY SKINNER, M. D. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Associate Editor. EZRA T. CRESSON. PHILIP LAURENT. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: HENRY L. VIERECK. J. A. G. REHN. WILLIAM J. POX. H. W. WENESt., PHILADELPHIA: ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL Sci; LOGAN SQUARE. Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Ciasf ..luttv.. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the Entomo- logical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. ANNUAL, SUBSCRIPTION, $1.OO TN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada, $1.20. SINGLE COPIES 15 CENTS Advertising Rates: 30 cents per square inch, single insertion ; a liberal discount on longer insertions. No advertisement taken for less than 60 cent:; Cash in advance. All remittances should be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy of Natural Sciences, 19th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. The Celebrated Original Dust and Pest-Proof METAL CASES FOR SCHMITT BOXES Described in "ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS," page 177, Vol. XV MANUFACTURED AND FOR SALE BY BROCK BROS., Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. RARE BUTTERFLIES GOOD SPECIMENS Ornithoptera miranda, $, $2.50; Druria antimachus, ru\vn above, leaving but a few small dots and reticulations of the pale ground color visible. An ivory line on apical third of vertex and a narrower one along margin. Elytra with the usual ivory white dots in the ends of the cells. Face and below heavily irrorate with dark smoky brown. The l66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '09 female is much paler throughout, the pale ground color predominating over the brown reticulations. The basal half of vertex, especially against the eyes, and the base of scutellum are washed with dirty orange. The face is heavily and evenly irrorate with brown. Genitalia Female segment very broad and short, the lateral angles distinctly, roundingly produced, posterior margin between the angles truncate with a broad shallow median notch which is heavily black bordered; male valve large broadly roundingly pointed, plates broad abruptly rounding, only appearing as a narrow margin under the valve. Entire genitalia black. Described for a single pair from Arizona. The female is much lighter than the male, but the structural characters are the same. Scaphoideus bicolor n. sp. Form and size of fuwidus nearly, brown with the head and a broad stripe on the costa, lemon yellow. Length 4.75 mm. Vertex, broad flat, right angled in front, slightly shorter than in blandus. Elytra long and narrow venation as in blandus, obscured by the color. Face sloping, slightly convex in profile, front very broad above rapidly narrowing to the almost parallel margined clypeus. Color Vertex lemon yellow, a faint black line on the anterior margin. The disc often washed with pale brown, omitting a median white line. Pronotum heavily irrorate with brown omitting a narrow anterior margin and the broad lateral margins behind the eyes. Scu- tellum castaneous with a broad median yellowish stripe. Elytra rich brown except for a broad lemon yellow costal stripe extending to the apical cells and a few pale spots in the cells. Face and below lemon yellow, legs and ovipositor infuscate. Genitalia Female segment rather long, nearly truncate posteriorly, the median half slightly rounding with a median notch either side of which appears a faint rounding projection; male, valve small tri- angular, plates broad at base roundingly narrowing and then attenu- ately produced. Described from six specimens from Tia Juana, California, collected by the author. Neocoelidia Candida n. sp. Resembling lactipennis, but longer and with a much broader head. Length 4.25 mm. Vertex as broad as its median length, bluntly oval in front scarcely conically pointed, disc convex, rounding to the front without trace of a margin except at apex. Front tumid as in lactipennis, pronotum much more excavated behind than in lactipennis, anterior and posterior April, '(X)] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS l6/ margin parallel, lateral angles broadly rounding. Elytra broad and short, venation distinct, the outer fork of first sector usually fo. to form a closed anteapical cell. Color Pale greenish white, vertex and front pale dirty straw color a black spot at apex, and sometimes a pair of quadrangular brown spots on disc. Two black points on scutellum, sometimes wanting, elytra powdered or milky white, sometimes greenish white, the ner- vures pale brown. Sometimes the apical cells are clouded with brown and the nervures between them are then broadly light. Genitalia Female segment long and narrow curved around the ovipositor, truncate posteriorly, the median half slightly angularly pro- duced; male, valve broad at base, a little longer than its basal width apex acute, two round black spots on the disc. Described from eight examples from the southern parts of Utah and Colorado. Neocoelidia reticulata n. sp. Resembling Candida in form, smaller. Green with reticulate veined elytra. Length scarcely 4mm. Vertex broad, slightly longer than wide, bluntly conical the disc inclined to be flat but scarcely separated from front. Elytra moder- ately long, slightly exceeding the abdomen, venation coarsely and irregularly reticulate. Female segment moderately long, the posterior margin broadly evenly rounding. Color Vertex and front pale green a black spot on apex, pronotum pale green, an oblique milky dash on either side the anterior disc. Scutellum pale green the median line milky, expanding just before the apex into a triangular spot, a pair of black points on the lateral margin. Elytra milky or greenish white, pruinose, the reticulate vena- tion dirty greenish brown. Described from three females from Tia Juana, California, collected by the author. Readily separated from all other species by the reticulate venation. Neocoelidia compta n. sp. Form of Candida nearly, narrower with slightly longer elytra. Creamy white with three pairs of dark spots. Length 4.75 mm. Vertex a trifle longer than its basal width, disc convex, apex distinctly conically pointed, vertex margin distinct from the eyes to apex. Pro- notum rather long, parallel margined. Elytra moderately long, base of apical cells equalling the apex of ovipositor; venation obscure. Female segment very long, truncate or slightly emarginate posteriorly. Color Rich creamy white, a point on apex of vertex and a pair of 1 68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April. 'OQ larger ones on scutellum shining black. A triangular mark just inside the middle of the claval area and an oblique one just before the apex of clavus extending out to inner sector of corium, dark brown. These two marks connected by a faintly outlined brown line which no doubt in darker specimens would represent the margin of a dorsal stripe. Described from a single female from Mesilla, New Mexico (Cockerell). Neocoelidia pulohella n. sp. Resembling barratti, but with a narrower and less ornamented stripe. Elongated, pale green with a definite dorsal stripe. Length $ , 6.25 mm.; $, 5.5 mm. Vertex a trifle longer than its basal width, disc convex, apex distinctly pointed. Pronotum long, deeply and almost angularly excavated pos- teriorly. Elytra long and narrow, the apex of clavus equalling the apex of ovipositor, costal margin convex its entire length. Female segment long, truncate or slightly emarginate, male valve long, round- ingly narrowing and acutely pointed. Color Pale greenish white, a broad median brown stripe extends from the black point on apex of vertex to the apex of clavus and a smoky brown stripe continues to apex of elytra. The brown stripe is margined with black from the base of the vertex back and varies in width as follows : Four regular oval enlargements on vertex, from which it regularly broadens to the base of the scutellum, then slightly narrows to the elytra, on the elytra there are three slightly angular enlargements increasing in size posteriorly. There is an irregular black spot just outside the apex of clavus on either side from which the smoky stripe takes its origin. Described from five examples from Tia Juana, California, collected by the author. This spedfes is much nearer to lineata than any other northern form. Neocoelidia tripunctata n. sp. Longer than compta, resembling pallida, but broader. Pale with three black spots and a median brown stripe. Length 5.25 ram. Vertex slightly longer than wide, very bluntly conical with a trace of a carinate margin near the apex, front very broad and tumid. Elytra rather long, broad and flaring at base then narrowing to the appressed apex, giving the insect on oval appearance. Female segment moderately long, posterior margin roundingly truncate. Color Vertex and face creamy yellow, a large black spot on apex. Pronotum pale straw, a pair of faint brown stripes broadly margined exteriorly with milky white, scutellum milky, with a pair of shining black points. Elytra with a narrow common sutural stripe of rich brown margined either side with a broader stripe of milky white which shades out into the subhyaline white of the elytra. Described from a single female from Arizona. A pale, but very pretty and distinct species. April, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS l6o A Partial List of the Lepidoptera of Pickaway County, Ohio. BY B. R. BALES, M.D. The following list of the Lepidoptera of Pickaway County, Ohio, consists only of specimens actually taken within a radius of five miles of Circleville, the county seat, in 1907 and 1908, at odd times and spare moments in the active life of a general practitioner of medicine. Being the list of the specimens taken in only two years, it must necessarily be incomplete, but I hope to supplement it with a further list of new specimens taken in 1909 and 1910. Those species that I have classed as "common" or "rare," are only common or rare as I have found them in 1907 and 1908. The collecting ground lies in the level, fertile valley of the Scioto River, and is mainly under cultivation, with an occa- sional tract of woodland. There are a number of small streams of varying size, near which are favorite places for both moths and butterflies. Pickaway County lies a little south of the center of Ohio. The arrangement and sequence used by Dr. W. J. Holland in his Moth and Butterfly Books is followed, as far as possible, throughout the list. I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. Frank Haim- bach, of Philadelphia, and Prof. Jas. S. Hine, of the Ohio State University, for kindly assistance in the identification of doubt- ful specimens. RHOPALOCERA. Anosia plexippus (Linn). Very common. An immense migrating army of this species passed through Circleville on October 4th, 1007. A record of this can be found in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Vol. XVIII, No. 9, p. 402. Argynnis cybcle (Fab.). Common in the hay fields and meadows. Argynnis idalia (Drury). Not common. Several taken. Phyciodes nycteis (Doubleday & Hewitson). Not common. Phyciodes batesi (Reakirt). Common along the small water courses. ijrapta interrogation's (Fab.) form fabrici (Edw.). Common. I7O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '09 Grapta interrogation's (Fab.) form umbrose (Lint). Common. Grapta comma (Harris), form dryas (Edw.). Not as common as the preceding species. Grapta comma (Harris), form harrisi (Edw.). Same as the pre- ceding. Vanessa antiopa (Linn.). Common. Pyramcis antiopa (Linn.). Common. Pyramcis cardui (Linn.). Not as common as the preceding. Pyrameis huntera (Fab.). Not common. Junonia coenia (Hubn.). Not common. Several taken. Basllarchia astyanax (Fab.). Common. Basilarchla disippus (God.). Common in company with A. plexippiis among the milk-weed blossoms. Chlorippe celtis (Boisd. & Lee.). Common; mainly seen in open woods. Chlorippe clyton (Boisd. & Lee.). One specimen taken. Debts portlandia (Fab.). Fairly common in woodlands. Neonympha eurytus (Fab.). Common in woods. Satyr odes canthus (Boisd. & Lee.). Common in the tall grass of swampy meadows and near small streams and ditches. Feniseca tarquinius (Fab.). Uncommon. Chrysophanns thoe (Boisd.). Common in the tall grasses of waste fields and marshy places. Lycaena pseudargiolus (Boisd. & Lee.). Fairly common. Lycacna pseudargiolus (Boisd. & Lee.) form violacca (Edw.). Several taken. Lycaena pseudargiolus (Boisd. & Lee.), form neglecta (Edw.). Several taken. Lycaena comyntas (God.). Common at road sides, ditches and mud puddles. Euchloe genuita (Fab.) Uncommon; two $ $ taken on April 26, 1908. Pieris rapae (Linn.). The commonest butterfly. Pieris protodice (Boisd. & Lee.). Common; does not appear as early in the spring as P. rapae. C alias eury theme (Boisd.). Several albinic $ $ taken. Colias eurythe-me (Boisd.), form keewaydin (Edw.). Fairly com- mon ; several taken. Colias philodice (God.). Common. Papilio ajax (Linn.), form ivalshi (Edw.). Fairly common in early spring. Papilio ajax (Linn.), form telamonides (Felder). Not as common as the preceding. Papilio ajax (Linn.), form marcellus (Boisd.). Common. April, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Papilio turnus (Linn.)- Common. One taken that very closely ap- proaches the description of P. rutulus. Papilio turnus, form glaucits (Linn.). Not common. Papilio cresphontes (Cramer). Common. Three full grown larvae were brought to me on October 8, 1907. The following day, I drove out into the country to where they had been taken, and found that they had been feeding on the leaves of a small prickly ash bush in the dooryard of a farm house. The bush was almost denuded of foliage. The farmer told me that on the preceding Sunday, when he first dis- covered them, that he had killed "about a hundred." I found several that he had not killed and brought them away with me, with the few remaining prickly ash leaves. The leaves were soon gone, and I suc- ceeded in raising the larvae to maturity on the leaves of a potted orange tree. The chrysalids and images of those raised to maturity on orange leaves were not as large as those raised on a steady diet of prickly ash leaves. Papilw asterias (Fab.). The commonest Papilio. Papilio troilus (Linn.). Common. Papilio philenor (Linn.). Fairly common. Epargyreus tityrus (Fab.). Common; the larvae are abundant on Wisteria and common locust. Thorybes py lades (Scud.). Two specimens taken in woods. Thorybes bathyllus (Smith & Abbot). Common among the red clover blossoms. Hesperia montivaga (Reak). Large quantities of string beans are raised near Circleville for the canning factories. This species was found to be common in the bean fields where the 9 $ may have been ovipositing. Roadside mud puddles are favorite places for this species. Pholisora catullus (Fab.). Common at mud puddles in roads. Thanoas brizo (Boisd. & Lee.). Took two $ $ and a $ April 26, 1908. They were feeding in company with the following species at the blossoms of spring beauties (Claytonia virginica) and spreading phlox (Phlox Carolina). Thanoas juvenalis (Fab.). Several taken. Thanoas perseus (Scud.). Not common. Ambliscirtes vialis (Edw.). One specimen taken in 1907. Ancyloxypha numitor (Fab.). Very common along the grassy banks of ditches. Polites peckius (Kirby). Common in the clover fields. Limochores pontiac (Edw.). One 9 taken. Limochores taumus (Fab.). Common in fields and weedy places. They seem to be especially common about jewel weeds near streams. A try tone sabulon (Boisd. & Lee.). Common about blackberry blos- soms in woods in the springtime. 172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\VS [April, '09 Atrytonc zabnlon, Boisd. & Lee., form pocahontas, Scud. One speci- men taken. HETEROCERA. Protoparce sexto, (Johanssen). Very common at stramonium blos- soms at twilight and at light at night. Protoparce qninqueiiiaculatus (Haworth). Not common. Hyloictis chersis (Hubn.). Not common. Sphinx jamaicensis form geminatus (Say). Fairly common. Pachysphinx modes ta (Har.). Not common. Cressonia juglandis (Ab. & Sm.). Not common. Errinyis ello (Linn.). A perfect $ was found on the ground, stupe- fied with cold, on October 5, 1907. Haemorrhagia thysbe (Fab.). Not uncommon. Haemorrhagia thysbe (Fab.) form cimbiciformis (S'teph.). Not uncommon. Pholus pandorus (Hub.). Not uncommon. Darapsa myron (Cramer). Several taken at light. Samia ceropia (Linn.). Very common. On May 17, 1907, while wading a swamp for birds' eggs, I saw at least one hundred and fifty cocoons of this species and several moths just out of the cocoon, on the buttonwood bushes with which the swamp is overgrown. The swamp is about one-fourth mile across and the water is from one to three feet deep, and is the nesting place of a large colony of red- winged blackbirds. King rails, Florida gallinules, least bitterns and other aquatic birds nest in this swamp, and the fact that there were so many cocoons would indicate that the larvae are evidently not attacked much by this class of birds. Calosamia promethia (Drury). Not common. Actias luna (Linn.). Not uncommon. Telea polyphemus (Cramer). Common. Automeris io (Fab.). Common. Anisota rubicunda (Fab.). Not common. Several taken. Adelocephala bicolor (Harris). Several taken. Syssphinx bisecta (Lint.). Not uncommon at light. Cither onia regalis (Fab.). Fairly abundant. Basilonia impcrialis (Drury). Common. Scepsis fulvicollis (Hubn.). Not uncommon. Hypoprepia miniata (Kirby). One specimen taken at light. Hypoprepia fucosa (Hubn.). Common at light. Holomelina opella (Grote). One specimen taken in woods. Holomclina immaculata (Reak). Common in waste fields and at light. Holomelina aurantiaca var. ferruginosa (Walk.). One specimen taken among the grasses in a pasture field. April, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 173 Utetheisa bella (Linn.). Not uncommon. Haploa clymene (Brown). Not common. Haploa lecontei (Boisd.), form dyari (Merrick). Not uncommon. Haploa lecontei (Boisd.), form inilitaris (Harris). Common in June in woods that are overgrown with underbrush. Haploa lecontei (Boisd.), form vcstalis (Packard). Not uncom- mon. Estigmcnc acraea (Drury). Common. Estigmene congrua (Walk.). One specimen taken in woods, May 31, 1908. Hyphantria cunea (Drury). Not uncommon at light. Hyphantria cunca (Drury) var. punctatissiwa (Ab. & Sm.). One specimen taken. Isia Isabella (Ab. & Sm.). Very common. Diacrisia virginica (Fab.). Common. Diacrisia latipennis (Stretch). Not nearly as common as the pre- ceding. Apantesis vittata (Fab.). Common at light. Apantesis vittata (Feb.), form phalerata (Harris). Not common; several specimens taken. Apantesis arge (Drury). Uncommon. One specimen taken. Parteuchactias tenera (Hubn.). Common at light. Euchaetias egle (Drury). Not uncommon. Halisidota tessellaris (Ab. & Sm.). Fairly abundant. Halisidota caryae (Harris). Several specimens taken. Alypia octomaculata (Fab.). Not common. Two specimens taken. Apatela americana (Harris). Not common. Apatela lepusculina (Guenee). One specimen taken. Apatela lobelias (Guenee). One specimen taken. Apatela albarufa (Grote). Two specimens taken. Apatela brumosa (Guenee). One specimen taken. Apatela oblinita (Ab. & Sm.) Common. Pcrigea xanthioides (Guenee). Not uncommon at bait in late sum- mer. Perigea vecors (Guenee). Not common. Hadena modica (Guenee). Taken at bait in late summer. Hadena dubitans (Walker). Not uncommon at bait in late sum- mer and early fall. Hadena devastatrix (Brace). One of the earliest moths. A speci- men was taken at arc light on March 27, 1908. Euplexia In ci para (Linn.). Not uncommon at bait in late summer. Pyrophila pyramidoides (Guenee). Common at bait. Prodenia ornithogalli (Guenee). Common at bait. Agrotis ypsalon (Rottemberg). Common. 174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '09 Peridroma saucia (Hubn.). Common. Noctua bicarnea (Guenee). Common at bait. Noctna c-nigrum (Linn.). Common. Feltia snbgothica (Haworth). Common at bait. Feltia herilis (Grote). Not as common as the preceding. Mamestra renigera (Stephens). Common. Heliophila unipuncta (Haworth). Common at light and at bait, where it proves itself a nuisance by often preventing the capture of rarer specimens. Heliophila multilinca (Walker). Not uncommon at bait. Heliophila pseudargyrea (Guenee ). Not common. Xylhta unimoda (Lint.). One taken at arc light, March 27, 1908. Cticnlia astcroidcs (Guenee). Fairly abundant. Papaipema nitela (Guenee). Not uncommon. Papaipcina nitela var nebris (Guenee). Not uncommon. Pyrrhia umbra (Hufnagel). Not common at bait in late summer. Eucirroedia pampina (Guenee). Several seen and taken on October 4, 1908, among hazel bushes in a rather open woods. Scoliopteryx libatrix (Linn.). Not common. Several taken at bait in late summer. Orthosia helva (Grote). Not uncommon at bait in late summer. Orthosia aurantiago (Guenee). Rare. One taken at bait in late summer. Rhodophora gaurae (Ab. & Sm.). Not uncommon at light. Schinia thoreaui (Grt. & Rob.). One specimen taken at light. Schinia marginata (Haworth). Common at light. Enthisanotia unio (Hubn.). Very common in swampy meadows. Euthisanotia grata (Fab.). A crushed specimen found under an arc light. Cirrophanus triangulifer (Grote). One specimen taken. Plagiomimicus pityochromus (Grote). Not uncommon. Autographa bimaculata (Stephens). Not uncommon. Autographa simplex (Guenee). Common. Ogdoconta cinerola (Guenee). Not uncommon at bait. Rivula proprinqualis (Guenee). One specimen taken. Eustroita muscosula (Guenee). Not uncommon. Ensfroita carncola (Guenee). Common. Galgula he para (Guenee). Common at bait in late summer. Galgula hepara var. partita (Guenee). Common at bait. Chamrys cerintha (Treitschke). Rather abundant. Tarache aprica (Hubn.). One specimen taken. Homopyralis contracta (Walker). Several specimens taken. Drasteria crassiuscula (Haworth). Very common. Catocala vidua (Guenee). Not uncommon. April, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 175 Calocala retecta (Grote). Not uncommon. Catocala robinsoni (Grote). Not uncommon. Catocala cara (Guenee). Very common. Catocala amatrix (Hubn.). Common. Catocala amatrix (Hubn.), form mints (Walker). Common. Catocala innubens (Guenee). One specimen taken. Catocala innubens (Guenee), form hinda (French). One specimen taken. Catocala piatrix (Grote). Common. Catocala habilis, form basilis (Grote). One specimen taken. Phoberia atomeris (Hubn.). More often seen early in the spring, in woods. Parallelia bistriaris (Hubn.). Common at bait in late summer and at light earlier in the season. Homoptcra hinata (Drury). Common at bait. Honwptera lunata, form cdusa (Drury). Common at bait, though not so plentiful as the preceding. Epizeuxis americalis (Guenee). Not uncommon. Epizeuxis lubricalis (Geyer). Not uncommon. Philometra eumchtsalis (Walk.). Common. Chytolita morbidalis (Guenee). Several taken. Renia discoloralis (Guenee). Several taken. Hetero gramma pyramusalis (Walk.). Not uncommon. Palthis angnlalis (Hubn.). Fairly abundant. Bomolocha baltimoralis (Guenee). Fairly common. Bomolocha abalinealis (Walk.). Common among the grasses of fields and lawns. Plathypena scabra (Fab.). Very common in grassy places. Datana ininistra (Drury). Common. Nerice bidentata (Walk.) Not common. Heterocampa umbrata (Walk.). Not common. Several taken at light. Lcptomeris quinquelinearia (Packard). Common. Specimens taken Hcmcrocampa Icucostigma (Ab. & Sm.). Not common. Tolype vcdclla (Stoll). Seen in the fall. Not common. Dyspteris abortiraria (Herrich-Schaeffer). Common. Eudule mcndica (Walk.). Common in woods. Heterophleps triguttata (Herrich-Schaffer). Common in the same localities as the preceding species. Euchoeca albovittata (Guenee). Not common. Eustroma divcrsilmcata (Hubn.). Not uncommon. Mesoleitca lacustrata (Guenee). More commonly seen in the woods in the spring before the leaves are out. Haematopis grataria (Fab.). Common. 176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '09 Erastria amaturia (Hubn.). Not uncommon. Synelys alabastaria (Hubn.). Not uncommon among the weeds and tall grasses at the edge of a swamp. Leptomeris quinquelinearia (Packard). Common. Specimens taken in May, June and August. Spnchlora glaucaria (Guenee). Not uncommon at light. Orthofidonia vestaliata. Common in spring in dark moist woods. Mellilla incxtricata (Walk.). Common in woods in early spring. Mellila chamacchrysaria- (Grote). Common in woods in early spring. Philobia cnotata (Guenee). Not common. Several taken in woods in May, 1908. Clcora pampinaria (Guenee). Taken at bait and at light. Lycia cognotaria (Guenee). One specimen taken at light. Thcrina cndropiaria (Gte. & Rob.). One specimen taken at light. Ennoinos magnarius (Guenee). Common at light in the fall. Xantliofypc crocataria (Fab.). Common. Xanthotypc crocataria (Fab.), form caclaria (Hulst.) Not as com- mon as the preceding. Plagodis cmargataria (Guenee). Not common. Hypcritis ainicaria (Herrich-Schaeffer). Common in woods from early April throughout the summer. Gonodontcs hypochraria (Herrich-Schaeffer). Not uncommon in the woods in June. Euchlaena johvsonaria (Walk.). Two specimens taken. Euchlaena pcctinaris (Denis & Schiffenmuller). Not common. Taken in the deep woods in June. Caber odes confusaria (Hubn.). Common at light and bait in late summer. Sabnlodcs lorata (Grote). Not common. Several taken at light. Sabnlodcs transversata (Drury). Came freely to a light in woods in late summer. Callcdapteryx dryoptcrata (Grote). Not uncommon. Nigetia formosalis (Walk.). Not uncommon at bait. Thyridoptcryx cphcmeraefomnis (Haworth). Common. Cossus ccnterensis (Lint.). A specimen, somewhat battered, was taken at light on May 26, 1908. Sannanoidcs exitiosa (Say). Not uncommon about peach and apricot trees. Geshna primordialis (Dyar). Plentiful in late summer, when it was found feeding at the blossoms of Boneset (Enpatoriuin} . Dcstnia funeralis (Hubn.). Common. Blepharomastix banalis (Guenee). Common among the grasses in fields and lawns. April, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 177 Crocidophora serratissimalis (Zeller). Common among the saw grasses at the edge of a swamp. Nomophila noctuella (Denis & Schiffermuller). Common in hay fields and pastures. Comes freely to light. Pyrausta acrimonalis (Walk.). One specimen taken. Pyrausta oxydaUs (Guenee). Not common. Several taken. Pyrausta gcnerosa (Grt. & Rob.). One specimen taken. Pyrausta unimaciilata (Grt. & Rob.). One specimen taken. Eusti.ria pupula (Hubn.). Only one specimen of this beautiful little moth taken. Pyralis farinalis (Linn.). Common. Tosale ozriplagalis (Walk.). One specimen taken at bait. Crambus laqucatcllus (Clemens). Common. Crambus alboclavellus (Zeller). One specimen taken. Crambus triscctus (Walk.). Not common. Cenopis groteana (Fernald). One specimen taken in thick woods, May 31, 1908. Epagogc sulphureana (Hubn.). One specimen taken. Archips paraHcla (Robinson). One specimen taken. Archips argyrosplla (Walk.). One specimen taken. Tortrix palorana (Robinson). One specimen taken. Tortrix albicomana (Clemens). One specimen taken. NOTE ON FOOD HABIT OF LIOTROPIS CONTAMINATUS UHL. Professor A. E. Vinson, of Tuscon, Arizona, has recently sent me a specimen of this pentatomid, and since the food habits of the species appear not to have been recorded heretofore, it seems worth while to put on rec- ord a statement received from him concerning the occurrence of the specimen. He says it was found Jan. 28, '09, "in a fruit cluster of Opuntia fulgida about six miles east of Tucson on the S. P. R. R." The occurence of the specimen on this plant need not necessarily mean that this is the native food plant (the species even may be carnivor- ous), but considering the scant vegetation of the plains and the mode of occurrence it would seem quite probable that this plant is its regu- lar habitat. The species has been collected only rarely. It was de- scribed by Professor Uhler in 1897 from specimens obtained in Ari- zona, and has since been mentioned but once or twice in literature. T have specimens in my collection collected by Mr. TT. F. Wickham in El Paso, Texas, and Tnyo Mts., Calif., the latter at elevation of 7,000 to 9,000 feet. Other members of the genus occur in the same region, and the widely distributed L. numcralis is a fairly common species throughout the eastern United States. HERBERT OSBORN, Ohio State University, Feb. 2, 1909. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors. All contributions will be considered and passed upon at out earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put " copy " into the hands of the printer, for each num- ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form, will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. ED. PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, 1909. At its meeting in Baltimore last December the Entomological Society of America passed the following resolution : "That it is the sense of this Society that the duty on insects is objec- tionable and should be abolished." In accordance with this resolution a suitable memorial was prepared by Mr. W. C. Wood of New York and sent to the "Ways and Means" Committee of Congress. A duty on insects is an annoy- ance to entomologists and serves no useful purpose. There is no element of protection to American industries in it as few imported insects are also native of this country. As a source of revenue to the Government the amount col- lected is so trifling as to make the collection of a tariff not worth the trouble. Moreover it is often impossible to properly assess values on such objects. The study of entomology should be encour- aged in every way possible and even the collector is an import- ant factor in the work as his collection will be consulted by the investigator and it is not unlikely sooner or later to find its way into some scientific institution. The dealers do not desire a duty on insects ; the entomo- logist does not, and it is too small a matter for the Govern- ment to bother about. THE centipede is a small creature, in spite of the fact that he is more than a six-footer. 178 April, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 179 Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. A SPECIES OF MOLE-CRICKET NEW TO THE UNITED STATES. During the fall of 1006 a single mole-cricket was sent to me from Darien, Georgia. This specimen proves to be Scapteriscus vicinus Sc., and is of especial interest since it is the first record of this species being found in the United States. I learned that these insects had become very prevalent during that summer and that much injury had been done by them to the golf course at Darien. M. HEBARD. IN a note in the March number of ENT. NEWS, page 112, Mr. Karl R. Coolidge announces, that the generic name Pronuba Riley is pre- occupied and he proposes the name Valentinia Coolidge to take its place. This name would be very excellent and appropriate except for the fact that it is itself preoccupied by Valentinia Walsingham (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxiii, page 200, 1907). Moreover, it has long been known that Pronuba was preoccupied (cf. Walsingham Ent. Mo. Mag., 39, page 260, 1003), and the generic name Tegeticula Zeller (1873), given to the same species, takes the place of Riley's name. There is plenty of room in the synonomy, but does the mere possession of a copy of Scudder's Nomenclator justify anyone in adding to it by pro- posing names in groups of which he has no special knowledge. AUGUST BUSCK. JOHN B. KISSENGER, of South Bend. Indiana, who, in the interest of science, submitted to the bite of a yellow fever mosquito while in the army in Cuba, and for whose relief a bill has been introduced in Con- gress, is now, and has been for years, almost helpless. Kissenger, who volunteered for the experiment, was bitten by mos- quitoes carrying yellow fever germs and then treated by the best medi- cal experts in the army. It was supposed he had recovered his health and that as a result of the experiment yellow fever could be guarded against, but he later suffered a breakdown and is now a physical wreck, unable to use his feet and legs. Two others died from inoculation, and in each case the Government has given the widows pensions of $100 a month. Kissenger's friends say he is entitled to the same amount. The Record. COLEOPTERA COLLECTING BY GAS-LIGHT. The excitement of night col- lecting can only be realized after one has partaken of it, descriptions fall far short of picturing the pleasure it brings or the knowledge gained by one interested in collecting insects. During the past year Mr. H. B. Kirk, of Harrisburg, and myself have utilized many of our spare evenings and nights in this way, and it has added materially to our knowledge and collection. We start out at dusk l8o ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '09 with our light, a gas-lamp borrowed from a bicycle ; flashing it on trees and earth and many a nocturnal prowler has been taken that in day- light would have been snugly housed in some inaccessibly dark retreat. These excursions began in April and were carried on until the cool evenings made our trips useless. Among the trips we made I will mention a few that yielded good re- sults, although most of them brought to light many things new and interesting to us. On the evening of April 24th while walking through a strip of woodland on the outskirts of the city we found a dog that had met an untimely end. It was alive with Diptera larvae and feeding on these were several species of Carabids and Silpha surinamensis Fab., the lat- ter appeared to suck the juices from the larvae, it would take a larva in its jaws for a few moments, drop it and repeat the performance with another; we also took S. inaequalis Fab. and 5". surinamensis Fab., a specimen of Necrophorns, Histerids, Dermestids, also Staphylinus maculosus Grav., Crcophilus villosus Grav. and many other Staphyli- nids, all apparently feeding on the carrion. On May I2th we found specimens of Lachnosterna feeding on a shrub along the park driveway in numbers so great, they resembled in the gas- light small cherry-trees laden with fruit. June i3th we visited a grove of dead and dying hickory trees, our practice was to throw the light on the trunks of these trees, which revealed this time Graphisurus fasciatus DeG., whose modest coat and the fact that it remained motionless in the light made it hard to dis- tinguish from the gray bark; we also took Cyllene pictus Dru. and Neoclytus erythrocephalus Fab. We found that in all our night collect- ing when the light was thrown on a tree-trunk, the insects on it would remain motionless until the light was removed, although a slight touch would cause them to drop, so we invariably used a cyanide jar for this lafFer purpose, touching the insect lightly with the rim of the jar, it would drop into it of its own accord. On July 6th we visited the same grove of hickory, the night was warm and sultry and the first tree we turned our attention to was swarming with Saperda discoidea Fab., there they clung motionless in the cracks of the bark, probably ovipositing as they appeared to be most- ly females ; we took a quantity of these, the next tree yielded more S. discoidea, Xylotrechns colonus Fab. in quantity, running up and down like ants; Neoclytus luscus Fab. was fairly common and about one-half dozen specimens of Distenia undata Oliv. were taken, these trees were also infested with several species of Scolytids and two specimens of the Clerid, Thancroclcrus sanguineus Say. fell to our lot. Pulling the loose bark from a dead oak, Smodicum cucujiforme Say. was found in large numbers also several specimens of Eupsalis minuta Dru. April, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS l8l These insects were found every trip we made here until the eleventh, on this trip our hickory trees were over-run with Clerus quadrisigna- tus Say, we collected a number of them and one lively chap managed to get down between my collar and neck, I can testify that they can bite right smart. Parandra brunnea Fab. was plentiful and a dying mulberry tree yield- ed Elaphidion incertum Newn. in quantities, we also found this species on hickory and oak. July ipth we found a partially dead ash tree and secured a goodly number of Tylonotus bimaculatus Hald. that were running over the trunk, also Neoclytus erythrocephalus from the same tree. On August ist we visited an oak tree that in several places the bark had been injured, and from which sap was exuding, several species of Nitidulidae were enjoying themselves thereon, among them were Ips obtusus Say, /. quadriguttatus Fab. and /. sanguinolentus Oliv., a variety of other insects were also enjoying the feast; farther up on the trunk we spied several pairs of Eburia quadrigeminata Dru, which we added to our catch. Many other insects were taken on these trips although the majority were Beetles, a great variety of Tenebrionidae, usually feeding on fungi, Carabids running along the paths in search of prey and several species of Cymatodera and other Clerids were halted on their journey by the glare of the light. To a collector we would recommend this as a profitable means of in- creasing his collection and many interesting habits would be learned by one working out life histories. We are indebted to Mr. W. S. Fisher, of Highspire, Pa., for the de- termination of most of the specimens mentioned in this paper. ALFRED B. CHAMPLAIN, Harrisburg, Pa. EvEREs COMYNTAS ainyntitla. I am working up the distribution and specific identity of the genus Everes, but in coming to the American species cotnyntas and amyntula I find myself beset with difficulties from lack of material. The whole genus is subject to considerable variation, though within very narrow lines. Our European and Kasi ern species are subject to much variation, but the variations are quite small and within very restricted limits, yet they are perceptible, an.l in sonic cases have important specific bearing. In conjunction \\ith Mr. Tutt and Dr. Chapman I have had to carefully tabulate our Euro- pean and Eastern forms, and as far as possible the American species also. I notice that the variations of coniynhis and amyntula are pro- gressing very closely along similar lines, as has been the case with our argiades and comyntas, but they have not proceeded so far. The whole subject is one of considerable interest, especially when worked l82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '09 out by the genitalia as I have been doing, but to clear up the Ameri- can species I want a great deal of material, the variations are so small that the only safe way of coming to the correct conclusions is to obtain as large a series of each as possible, and especially in localities where the two overlap. Will American entomologists help me? I shall be glad of as large a series as possible, both from the Eastern and West- ern States, as also from the Central ones, I would only ask that cor- rect localities be given, and as far as possible, dates, the latter being an important factor in the matter. I will do my best to make an ade- quate return, either in Palearctic butterflies or Exotic species, especially New Guinea and African. Appeals like this often pass almost unheeded, but I trust this may not be so, and I shall be most grateful for any assistance that may be kindly given. GEORGE T. BETHUNE-BAKER, 19 Clarendon Road, Edgbaston, England. Doings of Societies. A regular meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was held at 55 Stuyvesant Avenue February 4, 1909, with President J. B. Smith, twenty-six members and seven visitors present. W. Korte, 148 Dean Street, was elected an active member. Dr. Raymond C. Osburn, of Barnard College, delivered a lecture on the life habits of the Odonata, illustrated by many lantern slides. He has observed about twenty species breeding equally well in fresh or brackish water. The limit is about one-third of the salinity of sea water. On adding salt the larvae were observed to be greatly disturbed and soon died. The eggs of many species were shown and the embryology illus- trated. The embryo turns completely around before the egg hatches. The method of copulation varies only as between the Zygoptera and Anisoptera. Larval characters and habits vary greatly among the different genera. The egg takes six days to three weeks to develop. Larval life from three months to three years. Pupation terrestrial. Respiration and transfor- mation were fully considered. E. L. Dickerson and John A. Grossbeck, of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, demonstrated their method of bleaching, staining and mounting lepidopterous wings for April, 'CX)] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 183 study purposes. The wings are removed from the body and dipped in alcohol to soften them. A few minutes suffices. They are then dipped in Labaraque solution until thoroughly bleached. They are then transferred to alcohol to remove the solution. Next they are transferred to a solution of eosin, a crimson aniline dye. The time depends on the thickness of the wing. When a proper tint is obtained the wings are laid on microscopic slides with sufficient xylol balsam. A cover glass placed above them gives a permanent mount. Large wings thus mounted showed not only venation, but the circu- latory tubes at junction point with body and the different muscles which carry on the flight. Others explained that bleaching may be hastened by dipping into dilute hydrochloric acid before the Labaraque solution. Javelle water or a saturated solution of chloride of lime are substitutes for Labaraque solution. R. P. Dow, Recording Secretary. A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was held November 19, 1908. In the absence of the Director and the Vice-Director, Dr. D. M. Castle presided. Nine persons were present. Mr. Matthews exhibited some brilliant moths and butterflies from India. Mr. Ilg exhibited specimens of Lepidoptera he had collected last summer in Germany. Dr. Calvert exhibited the following Odonata: A pair of Caloptery.r apicalis Burm. from the Great Egg Harbor River above Weymouth, New Jersey, taken August 8, 1905, remark- able for their size (abdomen $ 32, 9 30.5 mm., hind wing $ 23, 9 25 mm.) ; a female Gomphus parvulus Selys. from Mt. Pocono, Monroe County, Pennsylvania, June 13, 1906, by Mrs. Calvert; this species was recorded from Berks and York Counties by Hagen in 1875, but since that time has not been mentioned from the eastern part of Pennsylvania ; Enallagina geminatuin Kellicott 9 from Philadelphia, and E. traviatuin Selys. from Clementon, New Jersey, June 4, 1908. Mr. Daecke said he had taken Hctacrina american at a num- 184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '09 ber of localities in New Jersey, and they were smaller than Pennsylvania specimens. Mr. Rehn exhibited specimens of three species of Orthop- tera, one a walking-stick and two grasshoppers, which were found inhabiting the grease-wood, a creosote bush of the south- western deserts. The speaker, with the aid of a map, showed the distribution of the plant, and stated that in addition to the species exhibited another rare grasshopper, Clematodes larraea, which has been taken only on this food plant. The same speaker exhibited several species of Orthoptera which fre- quented the rabbit-weed of portions of the desert plains. Mr. Daecke said that on May 28th he had exhibited a living antlion larva and again brought it to the meeting this evening, as it was still alive and in good condition. Dr. Skinner exhibited a series of Argynnis platina and snyderi captured at Prove, Utah, by Tom Spakling. The con- stant differences between the species were pointed out. Dr. Castle said he had received some Donacia packed in cotton and they were infested by Anthrenus. He put them in the oven and forgot them and they remained twenty-eight hours. The color had changed to a bright metallic green. Mr. F. J. Kelley was elected an associate. HENRY SKINNER, Recorder. A meeting of the Entomological Section was held December 17, 1908. In the absence of the Director and Vice-Director, Dr. D. M. Castle presided. Twelve persons present. Dr. Calvert said he had brought to him a ball five inches in diameter, composed largely of grain matted together. It was taken from the stomach of a calf. It had been infested by a species of grain moth and large numbers had been killed by bisulphide of carbon. Mr. Weigand exhibited the Cucullia he had captured in Fairniount Park, Philadelphia which had been described as new by Professor Smith. Mr. Haimbach said cattle collect a large amount of hair in their stomachs in licking off the eggs of the warble-fly. April, '(X)] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 185 The following were elected to serve as officers for 1909 : Director, Philip Laurent. Vice-Director, H. W. Wenzel. Treasurer, E. T. Cresson. Conservator, Henry Skinner. Secretary, E. T. Cresson, Jr. Publication Committee, E. T. Cresson, E. T. Cresson, Jr. HENRY SKINNER, Recorder. A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was held January 28, 1909, Mr. Philip Laurent, Director, presiding. Nine persons were present. Dr. Henry Fox made a communication on observations made in northern Cape May County, New Jersey, to determine oc- currence, abundance and distribution of species of Cicindela with reference to the physical features of the district. These features are grouped under four headings, as follows : Barren Beaches, Maritime Marshes, Interior Uplands and Cedar Swamps. In some cases these may be subdivided into minor areas, each characterized by its peculiar species of the genus. Ten species were collected in this area during the summer and early fall of 1908, as follows : Dorsalis, lepida, hirticollis, re- panda, punctulata, marginata, vulgaris, purpurea, modcsta, generosa. C. dorsalis, characteristic of the lower strand of the barrier beach, is exceedingly abundant in midsummer, scarcer in early fall. In September, 1907, it was much more abundant, owing probably to the lateness of the warm season of that year. C. lepida rare. Occurs on dry sand of upper beach. Hirti- tcllis, characteristic of the upper beach, where Cakilc edentula forms a characteristic plant. Rcpanda rare in early summer, abundant in early fall. Found in interior uplands and on the sand dunes of barrier beaches. Punctulata, the common sum- mer species of the interior uplands. Scarcer in early fall. Marginata is characteristic of the mud-flats of the maritime marshes. Some individuals were seen on the lower beach asso- ciated with dorsalis, but rare there. l86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '09 Vulgaris, pur pur ea, modesta, were not seen during greater part of summer, but appeared in swarms in early September, when they frequent the sand roads of the pine barrens in the interior uplands. C. gencrosa appeared in early fall only a few captured in early September. Mr. George Greene said marginata had been found on the light sand at Avalon. C. Greene and Harbeck at same place had found dorsalis attracted to decayed meat. Dr. Castle said he had seen marginata right on the beach at Tybee Island. Dr. Calvert exhibited a pair of Calopteryx apicalis Bur- meister, recently given to him by Provost Philip R. Uhler. They are labeled "Penn"(sylvania) and the male also bears the letter "H" and a number. Provost Uhler had told the speaker that the latter label indicates that the specimen had been taken at or near the residence of the late Professor Haldeman, Co- lumbia, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. This is the first record of this species in Pennsylvania known to the speaker other than Hagen's and his own statements that Burmeister's types and a pair from Uhler come from Philadelphia, although, curiously enough, Burmeister's original description states of this species "Vaterland unbekannt." HENRY SKINNER, Recorder. At a regular meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social, held February 17, 1909, at 1523 South Thirteenth Street, Philadel- phia, twelve members were present. President Harbeck in the chair. The members had a long discussion on the giving out of manuscript names, a practice which was condemned by all. Professor Smith said, in continuation of his communication of last meeting, that over 2000 nests of Brown Tail Moth had been found in New York. In New Jersey only a few and not bulk of the importations have been examined and about fifty so far were found ; has extended south to Virginia and west to Ohio has been found in Pennsylvania at Median's Nurseries. Egg masses of the Gypsy Moth were also found in Ohio. In April, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 187 European countries the number of moths is terrific. It is almost impossible to keep track of the nursery shipments and where they come from, as the Custom House officials pass the packages without remarking on their contents. Discussed by the members. Professor Smith said, upon inquiry, the species v/as widely distributed in Europe and Asia. It has been estab- lished here about fifteen years and the Gypsy Moth longer. Mr. Wenzel exhibited his collection of Cryptocephalinae, Phaeneus and other groups, pointing out many new and inter- esting species. Also said that Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., which did so much damage in West Virginia and was finally wiped out, has made its appearance in Virginia. Mr. C. T. Greene exhibited the following species of Diptera : Tachydromia fencstrata Say, Pipiza radicnin W. & R. and Chilosia similis Coq. Professor Smith said Cecropia cocoons were exceedingly scarce in New Jersey and Long Island where in former years hundreds could be collected, now only a few can be found. Mr. Wenzel said he had noticed the scarcity in this neigh- borhood. GEORGE M. GREENE, Secretary. A meeting of the Newark Entomological Society was held in Turn Hall on December 13, 1908. President Wormsbacher was in the chair and thirteen members were present. The election of officers for the ensuing year (1909) resulted as follows : President, Henry Wormsbacher, re-elected. / "ice-President, Edwin Bischoff. Secretary, John A. Grossbeck, re-elected. Financial Secretary, H. H. Brehme, re-elected. Treasurer, George J. Keller. Librarian, William H. Broadwell, re-elected. Mr. Bischoff spoke at length on the habits of the Scolytid beetles and their near relatives and exhibited two boxes of specimens representing nearly all the species occurring in New Jersey. He remarked on the ability of certain species when l88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 'OQ pursued to bore into the heart of the tree so rapidly as to almost defy capture; also on the sense by which they are enabled to locate trees soon after being felled. The perspira- tion of the human body serves to attract them in no slight degree, and especially is this so at the approach of dusk. Mr. Buchholz stated that numerous specimens of a Prionus are sometimes present on the walks in Arizona, where their dead bodies frequently render the pavements slippery. Mr. Bischoff said that he found many larvae of Lncanus daina boring into the roots of an unidentified tree. They were pres- ent throughout the roots as far into their ramifications as their thickness would allow. Mr. Brehme read a paper on his experience in collecting dragon-fly larv?e. In his search for mosquito larvae he dis- covered several small depressions in the bed of a flowing stream, and in these hundreds of specimens were taken in a few hours. In one instance eleven examples were secured with a single dip of a small hand net. JOHN A. GROSSBECK, Secretory. The January meeting of the Newark Entomological Society was held at Turn Hall on January 10, 1908, with seventeen members present. Mr. Grossbeck spoke on the life habits of dragon-flies in general. He believed that the large eyes of the nymphs served as little more than cases for the developing compound eyes of the adult, since experiments carried on by him showed that they were unable to differentiate between the animate and inanimate and repeatedly grasped small sticks and leaves twirled near them with a medicine dropper. A small Curcu- lionid beetle was struck at whenever it was forced within reach of the extensile labium, but as soon as it was stunned and remained quiet it was left unmolested, though put directly against the jaws of the nymph; again, the beetle recovering, it was immediately snatched. Supplemental to Mr. Grossbeck's remarks Professor Smith outlined the peculiar manner in which copulation was effected. April, '(X)] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 189 He also spoke on the antiquity of the dragon-flies and the enormous size attained by some of the primitive species. Mr. Bischoff exhibited his collection of Cicindelidae and re- marked on the habits of some of the species. Among the Xew Jersey species were two specimens of C. conscntanca taken at Lakehurst on July 4th. Mr. Wormsbacher showed a cocoon of Tropaca luna which contained two pupae. JOHN A. GROSSBECK, Secretary. The February meeting of the Newark Entomological Society was held February 14, 1908, with twenty members present. Mr. Buchholz spoke on the genus Eubaphe and exhibited his collection, which contained nearly all the North American species. His remarks were confined chiefly to the constancy and variation of the different species and the regions in which they respectively occurred. A specimen of E. o pell a var. nigricans was shown which was taken at Jamesburg on July 4th. Mr. Grossbeck also had two specimens of this variety taken at Milltown on July 7th. Professor Smith's collection of Eubaphe also contained nearly all the described species. He expressed a doubt as to the rank of some of the supposed varieties of anrantiaca, believing some might be proved to represent distinct species by rearing. Mr. Buchholz said he expected to raise the local species this coming summer. Mr. Grossbeck showed bred specimens of Tholeria rcvcr- salis Gn. The larvae occurred in numbers on Common Wild Indigo (Baptisia tinctoria). JOHN A. GROSSBECK, Secretary. A meeting of the Rhode Island Entomological Society was held in the offices of the Providence Forestry Company on January 25, 1909, at 8 o'clock. In the absence of President Reynolds, Vice-President Kings- ford took the chair until the arrival of the President. After the minutes of the previous meeting had been read and ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '09 approved, Mr. E. H. Armstrong-, through whose courtesy the society is allowed to meet in the offices of the Providence For- estry Company, presented the society with a year's subscription to the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Canadian Entomologist and a continuous subscription to "Seitz's Macrolepidoptera of the World." It was voted by a quorum of the original Rhode Island Entomological Society that all money in the hands of the treas- urer of that society be turned over to the treasurer of the present society, Mr. Eddy. A new member, Mr. Simmonds, was admitted to the society. He exhibited a fine specimen of Plusia balluca which was greatly admired. Mr. Nyler exhibited the hibernating larvae and cases of Acinnus inclsliciincri. Mr. Billson exhibited a number of fine specimens of Noc- tuidac, Gconietridac and Notodontidae. It was voted that all members bring a check list of all their Rhopaloccra at the next meeting. After looking at a series of slides through Mr. Armstrong's microscope the meeting adjourned. WILLIAM PLACE, JR., Secretary. A meeting of the Rhode Island Entomological Society was held in the offices of the Providence Forestry Company, Feb- ruary 8, 1909, at 8 o'clock. Eight members were present. In the absence of President Reynolds, Vice-President Kings- ford called the meeting to order. After the minutes of the previous meeting had been read and approved, the Secretary read a letter from Dr. Skinner, ex- tending his best wishes to the new society. The treasurer then reported that he had collected the money remaining in the treasury of the original Rhode Island Ento- mological Society, as had been voted at the previous meeting, the amount being $3.68. A new member, Mr. C. H. Luther, of Providence, was ad- mitted. April, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 191 A vote for the adoption of a check list was taken, which resulted in favor of Dyar's. After a social talk on subjects pertaining to entomology the meeting adjourned. WILLIAM PLACE, JR., Secretary. The January, 1909, meeting of the Heink Entomological Club, St. Louis, Mo., occurred at the residence of Mr. Charles L. Heink, who presided. Mr. William R. Schneider was a visitor, and toward the close of the session was unanimously elected to membership. Mr. Knetzger exhibited a specimen of Euchistns servus, which flew into an open window, settling on his dining table, on January 3d. He also showed a number of freaks, including Pyrameis cardui, supposed to be var. cl\mi; Lycacna comyntas 9 with irregular pale blue blotches on the wings ; Huphyes Tcrna with lunate indentations in the margins of the wings, the fringe accurately following the indentations, and a Phy- ciodcs nycteis of very pale color, suggesting albinism. Mr. Heink displayed Catocala junctura, taken at Cliff Cave, Mo., a new record for this vicinity ; also specimens of Apan- tcsis per m sc 'phone, anna and ngurata, all taken here. Mr. Schroers showed a live young grasshopper taken at Creve Coeur Lake, Mo., January 22d. He reported capturing a noctuid the same day, which, however, managed to escape. Mr. Schneider entertained the members with interesting reminiscences of his early collecting days in St. Louis, at a time when a man with a collecting outfit was considered "bug house, sure enough." The February, 1909, meeting of the Heink Entomological Club occurred on the 2ist, Mr. Heink presiding. Mr. George Hosenfeldt was a visitor. Mr. Schroers showed a specimen of Auipclophaga cnotus, taken at Creve Coeur Lake, Mo., June n, 1908; also a series of P hoi us achcmon, showing considerable variation in the shad- ing of colors; Pholus lycaon and pandorus; a fine pair of Hypna epigena and Anaca troglodyta var. cubana from Cuba. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '(X) Mr. Hosenfeldt exhibited his celebrated five-winged Sainia cecropia. This is a large and fully developed specimen, with all wings perfect. The extra wing is a hind wing on the left side, being fully as large as its twin, each of the twins, how- ever, being slightly smaller than the normal hind wing on the right side. He also showed a melanic specimen of what is pre- sumed to be Picris oleracea, taken at Horse Shoe Lake, 111. ; and a fine specimen of Calephelis borealis, taken at Cliff Cave, Mo., and probably marking a new record for this vicinity. Mr. Heink exhibited an interesting variation of Lycacna lucia and a new Phyciodcs, which he has not yet had deter- mined. AUG. KNETZGER. Secretary. A regular meeting of the Entomological Section, Chicago Academy of Science was held Feb. i8th at the John Crerar Library. Attendance eight. Messrs. Healy, Liljeblad, Beer, Neubarth and Kwiat exhibited their collections of Heliotliis, Schinia and allied genera and compared notes. Beginning with Ipimorpha the species reported as having been taken locally, are as follows : Ipimorpha plconcctusa, Chloridea virescens, Hcliocheilus parado.vus, Hcliothis armiger, H. umbrosns, H. phlogophagus (Healy I, Kwiat i), Alaria gaurae, A. florida, Schinia trifascia, S. mundina (Healy i), 6*. lynx, S. sanguined (Kwiat i), 6\ jaguarina (Neubarth i}, S. arcifcra, S. spra- guci, Lygranthoecia bicuspida (?) (Kwiat i, Beer i), L. mar- c/inata, L. imperspicua, L. constricta (Healy i), L. brevis, Heliolonche iudiana Sm. Mr. Kwiat also' reported that Trilcitca gnlnarc, described by Strecker as Schinia gulnare from Illinois, was first taken by Vollbrecht at Starved Rock, which is about 100 miles from Chicago on the Illinois River. The specimen is now in the Strecker Collection at the Field Museum in Jackson Park, Chicago. It was decided to take up the succeeding genera of Lepi- doptera to and including Anomis, at the March meeting. A. KWIAT, Recorder. MAY, 1909. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. XX. No. 5 Larva of Culex perturbans as described by Dr. John B. Smith. EDITOR : HENRY SKINNER, M. 1). PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Associate Editor. EZRA T. CRKSSON. PHILIP LAURENT. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: HENRY L. VIERECK. WILLIAM J. FOX. J. A. G. RKHN. H. W. VVENZEL. PHILADELPHIA: ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENC, LOGAN SQUARE. Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the Entomo- logical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.OO TN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada, $1.20. SINGLE COPIES 15 CENTS Advertising Rates : 30 cents per square inch, single insertion ; a liberal discount on longer insertions. No advertisement taken for less than 60 cent;; Cash in advance. All remittances should be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy of Natural Sciences, 19th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. The Celebrated Original Dust and Pest-Proof METAL CASES FOR SCHMITT BOXES Described in "ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS," page 177, Vol. XV MANUFACTURED AND FOR SALE BY BROCK BROS., Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. T ^ s~\ i% C!* TV T^ F-'OR SMLEr A colllection of 2000 native and foreign Lepidoptera in 26 drawers 17 x 22 inches, properly labelel, giving name and habitat ; this beautiful collection will be sold for one-third of its cost. A rare chance to obtain a fine collection. Corres- pondence solicited. Address C. H. HOW1ESON, 303 Deming Street, Kenosha, Wis. Desiderata of North American Cicindela Amb. piccolominii Rei.; Omns ambiguus Scha.; clongatiis Case.; montanus Case.; submetallicus Horn; Cicindela cctlifornica Men.; liarrisii Leng; horiconensis Leng; Ian fa Case; ludoviciatia Leng; mc.vicana King ; nevadica L/ec. ; plutonica Case. ; robusta Leng ; nslari Leng ; sierra Leng ; spreta Lee. ; striga Lee. ; tuolumnae Leng. Offerata, rare species of North American Coleoptera. THE SNOW COLLECTIONS, University of Kansas, Lawrence. When Writing Please Mention " Entomological News." ENT. NEWS, VOL. XX. Plate IX. WILLIAM H. EDWARDS. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. XX. MAY, 1909. No. 5. CONTENTS: Obituary William H. Edwards 193 Fox A new species of Dolichopsyllus a genus of the Siphonaptera 195 Rohwer Notes and Descriptions of Wasps of genus Tachytes 197 Gerhard Additional Bibliography on Flies and Mosquitoes as Carriers of Disease 207 Rehn A New Species of Orocharis (Gryllidae) from British Honduras 211 Rehn A New Walking Stick of the Genus Diapheromera from Mexico 212 Cockerel! Description of a Mexican Aleyrodes 215 Fox A Parasite found on a Flea 216 Comstock The Late Prof. Slingerland 217 Shull Some Apparently New Thysa- noptera from Michigan 220 Franklin On Thysanoptera 22$ Van Duzee North Amer. Heteroptera 231 F.ditorial 235 Doings of Societies 236 William H. Edwards. (Plate IX.) This distinguished naturalist died at his home in Coalburgh, West Virginia, on April 4th in his 88th year. He was born in Hunter, Greene County, New York, on March 15, 1822, and was the son of William W. and Helen Ann Mann Ed- wards. Having been graduated from Williams' College in the Class of 1842, he was admitted to the New York Bar in 1847. One year previous to this he made a voyage up the Amazon River to collect objects of natural history. In 1851 he mar- ried Catherine Colt Tappan. He was the author of "A Voyage up the Amazon" (1847); Shaksper not Shakespeare (1900) and compiled a genealogy of the Edwards' family in 1903. His home was at Coalburgh, West Virginia. The monument to Wm. H. Edwards will be the three vol- umes he published "The Butterflies of North America," com- menced in 1868 and completed in 1897. This work is one of the greatest ever published on the subject, and it has been the source of authoritative information on American diurnal Lepi- doptera as a whole for nearly half a century. The author's contributions to our knowledge of life histories marks an epoch in Lepidoptera, and are of very great importance from a scientific standpoint. 194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, '09 Mr. Edwards says in the first volume : " It is a matter of regret that, in so few instances, I shall be able to say anything of the larvae. Even among our old and common species, the larvae are but little more known than in the days of Abbot, seventy years ago." In the preface to the second volume, dated 1884, he says : "All this is changed, and today it can be said that the preparatory stages of North American butterflies as a whole are better known than are those of Europe." This was made possible by an important fact made known by Mr. Edwards. He further says : "In 1870 I discovered an infalli- ble way to obtain eggs from the female of any species of butter- fly, namely, by confining her with the growing food-plant. If the eggs mature they will be laid." He was a careful and painstaking naturalist and his descrip- tions of species are admirable, and he described man)^ new and interesting one in addition to making known so many life his- tories. These books are also mines of information on the hab- its of these insects, as observations on such matters were sent to the author from every part of the United States and Canada. The illustrations were drawn on stone by Mrs. Mary Peart who had no superior in this line of work. His other contribu- tions nearly all appeared in the Proceedings and Transactions American Entomological Society, Canadian Entomologist, or in Papilio, and were always replete with new facts and infor- mation. By far the greater part, if not all, of the species described by Mr. Edwards will stand. He has been criticised for de- scribing too many species of Argynnis, but in view of the fact of the great difficulties presented by these butterflies he was probably justified in so doing. He contended that after he described a species its true status would eventually be made out. Mr. Edwards was unquestionably the greatest L,epidop- terist this country has produced, and his great work on Amer- ican butterflies is and always will be a classic one. His work on life histories has never been surpassed, and when we think that all these valuable contributions to science were carried out during the spare time of an otherwise busy man, they are all the more admirable. He published in all about two hundred papers. May, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 195 A new species of Dolichopsyllus a genus of the Siphonaptera. By Passed Assistant Surgeon CARROL Fox, P.H. and M.H.S., San Francisco, Cal. Dolichopsyllus bluei spec. nov. Three female specimens collected in November, 1908, from the weasel Putorius xanthogenys. No male specimens were obtained. Mr. Rothschild has kindly looked at this flea and pronounced it probably a new species of the genus Dolichop- syllus. Female. Head evenly and abruptly rounded. Frontal notch distinct. Gena ending posteriorly in an obtuse point. Maxilla triangular. Eye absent. Maxillary palpi reach to about middle of anterior coxa ; length of joints, 9, 9, 6, 7^- Labial palpi reach almost to apex of anterior coxa. Five jointed, including undivided basal portion. Lower genal row con- sists of five bristles, the outermost one the longest and the second the smallest. Five bristles in the upper genal row. About eighteen bristles on hind margin of head, of which the two at the lower posterior angle are the largest. One small bristle on the occiput back of the middle of the antennal groove. Numerous fine hairs along the posterior margin of the antennal groove. Antennal groove extends to one-third of top of head. It is narrow, with somewhat thickened edges. A few fine hairs on first joint of antenna, while on the second joint there are about eight hairs longer than the third joint. Just in front of the insertion of the maxillary palpus there are two bristles. The pronotum contains a row of about fourteen bristles, the lowest of which is much the largest and posteriorly a ctenidium of about twenty or twenty-two spines. The mesonotum has three rows of bristles, an anterior of about twenty-four, a posterior of about sixteen small, with a middle row of about sixteen large bristles. The metanotum contains a posterior row of about sixteen large bristles and an anterior row of about twenty smaller ones. The pleura of the mesothorax contains numerous stout bristles. The episternum of the metathorax contains three large and two small bristles, the sternum three bristles, and the epimerum about sixteen or eighteen, more or less regularly disposed in three rows. The abdominal tergites have each two rows of bristles, the first tergite about sixteen in the posterior row and about the same number in the anterior row. The other tergites have in the posterior row about twenty-four large and in the/ anterior row about twenty smaller bristles. There is a small tooth on each side of the meta- thorax and the first and second abdominal tergites. There are three antipygidial bristles on each side. The sternites from the third to seventh have two rows of bristles, a posterior of about sixteen large and an ante- rior of from eight to ten smaller. On the second sternite there are ven- 196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, '09 trally four or five small bristles, while higher up there is a patch of about twelve. The fore coxa contains numerous bristles. The fore femur has on its inner surface two bristles, while its outer surface contains about twenty fine bristles. The mid femur contains a row of bristles on its outer and inner surfaces, the outer row containing about twelve and the inner row about 8 or 10. The hind femur contains a row of about sev- enteen bristles on its outer surface, and a row of about the same number on its inner surface. The legs are very bristly. The pos- terior tibia contains on its posterior bor- der seven groups of spines in pairs, and an apical group consisting of three spines, while be- tween the sixth and seventh paired groups there are three single spines. The outer surface contains two rows of about 8 or 9 bris- tles each. The longest of the apical bristles of the sec- ond hind tarsal joints reaches to the fifth. There are five lateral spines on the last tarsal joints of all the legs, the first pair being slightly dislo- cated towards the median line. There are also on all these joints a pair of subapical bristles and hairs. Modified Segments. The end of the abdomen is very bristly. The eighth tergite contains above the sensory plate about ten small bristles, while laterally below the sensory plate there is a group of about eight stout bristles. Below this there is a patch of thirty bristles, some of which are on the apical margin. The stylet is long, narrow, much slenderer at the tip than at the base. At the tip there is one long, slender bristle and two more, a large and a small, come from its under margin. The sub- stylar flap has on its tip and margin numerous long slender bristles. Length 4.12 mm. Color, very dark brown. i. Head of female ; female ; 4. 2. Hind femur and tibia ; 3. Genitalia of Fifth tarsal article of hind leg. May, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\YS. 197 Notes and Descriptions of Wasps of Genus Tachytes. BY S. A. ROHWER, Boulder, Colorado. Before proceeding I wish to thank Rev. G. Birkmann of Fedor, Texas ; Mr. C. T. Brues of the Public Museum of Milwaukee, and Prof. C. P. Gillette of the Colorado Agricul- tural College for supplying most of the material upon which this paper is founded. Unless otherwise stated, the types of the new species described herein are in the author's collection. In my work on this genus I have found the color of the pu- bescence on the pygidium of the female to be constant and of service in separating species. The species of Boreal North America may be grouped as follows : (the females of spatula- tus Fox, parvus Fox, exornatus Fox and basirufus Roh. are unknown) : SILVERY Section i. validus Cress. harpax Patt. breviventris Cress. Section 2. mergus Fox. GOLDEN Section i. calcaratits Fox. calcaratifonnts Roh. praedator Foh. dub it at us Roh. columbiae Fox. Section 2. rufofasciatus Cress. obductus F"ox. birkmanni Roh. BRONZY Section i. mandibularis Cress. fulviventris Cress. crassus Patt. pepticus Say. propinquus Roh. Section 2. aurulentus Fabr. contractus Fox (?) distinctus Sm. sericatus Cress. abdominalis Say. obscurus Cress. Tachytes basirufus n. sp. (J 1 . Length n mm.; length of anterior wing 9 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus broadly produced in the middle, with a small side tooth ; the process slightly emarginate in the middle ; surface of clypeus rather coarsely punctured. Vertex finely closely punctured ; the impressed line distinct, but not strong. Space between the eyes at the top a little less than the length of antennal joints 3 + 4. Antennal joints 3 and 4 of equal length, somewhat narrowed towards the base ; apical antennal joints sim- ple. Dorsulum punctured like the vertex. Scutellum a little more sparsely punctured than the dorsulum ; not impressed. Metanotum granular, middle line not strong ; fovea at apical middle distinct, trans- versed by a small carina. Posterior face of metathorax finely, transversly striated ; middle line distinct. Venation normal. Fore coxae and femora 198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, '09 simple. Tibiae and tarsi rather strongly spined ; first joint of hind tarsi equal to 2 -f- 3 ; first joint of middle tarsi about equal to 2 + 3 + 4. Abdo- men finely, closely punctured ; ventral segments beyond the third with larger, sparser punctures ; emargination of the last ventral plate broad round. Black ; palpi, three apical joints of tarsi rufous ; tegulae pale testace- ous ; eyes (dry) green ; two basal segments of the abdomen clear red. Wings hyaline, iridescent ; venation ferruginous. Face, clypeus, thorax, legs beneath, abdomen (more strongly so towards the apex) with silvery pubescence. Pygidium with pubescence yellowish. Abdomen beneath with some long reddish hairs. Hab. Livermore, Larimer Co., Colo., alt. 6000 ft., July 3, 1900. Type in the collection of Colorado Agric. College.* This species is quite distinct. It belongs to Fox's Section i and runs to T. pepticus Say, from which it differs in the color of the abdomen, the yellow hair of the pygidium, the different emargination of the eight ventral abdominal segments. Tachytes propinqnus n. sp. T. crassus Patt., Roh., ENT. NEWS, May, 1908, p. 224, in part. 9- Length 16 mm.; length of anterior wing u mm. Robust. Ante- rior margin of the clypeus in the middle produced into a rather narrow process which is slightly emarginate ; three distinct lateral teeth ; clypeus not at all carinated, closely punctured, except on the anterior margin. Front and vertex finely closely punctured ; an indistinct furrow from an- terior ocellus to near base of antennae ; ocellar area parted by a very fine furrow ; middle femora of the vertex very faint. Distance between the eyes at the top equal to the ledgth of antennal joints 2 + 3, perhaps a little greater. Third antennal joint a little longer than the vertex ; scu- tellum not impressed. Metathorax, except anterior part of the meta- pleurae which is shining and smooth, finely granular ; a distinct rather wide furrow from base of metanotum to lower part of posterior face ; this furrow does not broaden noticeably anywhere. Metaihoracic spiracles about three times as long as wide, rounded at the ends. Second and third cubital cells about equal width on the radial nervure. Tibiae and tarsi rather strongly spinose. Longest spur of hind tibiae about equal to the length of the first joint of hind tarsi. First joint of hind tarsi a little shorter than the length of 2 + 3. Abdomen broad at base, tapering to an more or less acute apex ; dorsally finely closely punctured ; ventrally more shining, the first two segments closely punctured, the remaining strongly, closely punctured at apex, smooth and shining at the base. Pygidium rather more acute than usual, very slightly contracted apically. * Since the above was written I have taken three males of this species at Boulder, Colo., Aug. i and 4, 1903. The eyes in life are dark green. May, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 199 Black ; mouth part, mandibles, tegulae, apex of femora and legs below rufo-ferruginous. Wings yellowish hyaline ; venation ferruginous. Face, clypeus, thorax (more especially the pectus) with fulvous hair and pubes- cence. Dorsal abdominal segments along the apical margins of segments 1-4 with silvery pubescence. Base of first abdominal segment with long gray hairs. Tibiae and tarsi with golden hair. Pygidium with black and reddish bronze colored hair. Venter with a few long bristle-like reddish hairs. Hab. Boulder, Colorado, August 26, 1906 (S. A. Rohwer). Eyes in life lemon-yellow. A , Van Cortlandt Park, N. Y., July 25, '03, bearing numbers 25902 and 724 Public Museum, Milwaukee. This species is nearest to T. praedatpr Fox, but it differs as follows : the anterior margin of the clypeus does not have two lobes in the middle, the scutellum is not impressed, the meta- notum is more strongly furrowed, the abdomen is broader at the base, the pubescence of the pygidium is not nearly so bright, the pubescence of the head and thorax is not bright golden, and the wings are slightly yellowish. It is also related to T. calcaratus Fox, but the fourth and fifth antennal joints are equal, the scutellum is not impressed, furrow of the metanotum is stronger, there is no fovea on the metanotum, the longer spur of the hind tibiae is not so long, pubescence of the pygidium not golden, etc. The medial produced portion of the clypeus is not strong, and at first this was mistaken for a variety of T. crassiis Fox, but the metanotum is without a "pyriform fovea" at the apex, and there are four silvery bands on the abdomen instead of three. The New York specimen has the middle tooth of the cly- peus more distinct, but otherwise seems to be the same. Tachytes birkmanni n. sp. 9- Length 10 mm.; length of anterior wing 7 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus broadly, slightly produced in the middle ; the produced portion is rounded, entire ; at the side of the produced portion are two rather small teeth ; clypeus punctured with large, somewhat irregular punctures. Front and vertex closely punctured ; furrow from anterior ocellus to base of antennae ; ocellar area parted by a strong furrow ; occi- put seen from behind depressed by the strong medial line. Distance be- tween the eyes at the top greater than the length of antennal joints 2 + 3, 2OO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, '09 but less than the length of joints 3 + 4. Third antennal joint a little shorter than the fourth ; fourth and fifth equal or the fifth the shortest ; apical joint about the same length as the preceding. Dorsulum and scu- tellum finely, closely punctured ; scutellum slightly impressed. Metano- tum finely granular, with a very faint medial line, fovea at the apex want- ing ; bounded on the posterior margin by a line like series of foveae, which meet in the middle in the form of a broad V. Posterior face more coarsely granular, middle line stronger. Third cubital slightly broader on the radial than the second cubital is. Longer spur of the hind tibiae about as long as the first joint of hind tarsi ; first joint of hind tarsi not much longer than the second. Abdomen dorsally microscopically punc- tured ; punctures on the first two ventral segments similar to those on the dorsal surface ; apical margin of the second ventral segment smooth, shining ; apical part of segments 3-6 beneath with close punctures ; apical margins of the ventral segments with some long bristle-like hairs. Pygi- dium rather truncate at the apex. Black; pn the under side of leaves which appear to be those of orange, with much black fungus. 2l6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, '09 A Parasite Found on a Flea. By Passed Assistant Surgeon CARROL Fox, P.H. and M.H.S. Oakland, California. During the examination of thousands of specimens of rat fleas, there was observed on three occasions a very small mite attached to the female of the Ceratophyllus fasciatus. On the first occasion but one mite was present, but subsequently two females were found, one with five and the other with seven mites attached. These mites were able to move about freely on the surface of the flea, but usually seemed to cling with their hind legs or sucking discs to one segment, of the flea, the anterior legs being free, thus permitting the other segments to move freely beneath them. At first it was thought that this might be a true parasite of the flea, possibly belonging to the family Canestriniidae, but the mere fact of having examined thousands of specimens of fleas and only encountering this inite three times would of itself nega- tive such a possibility and it is therefore thought that the mite under consideration is probably Parasite found on a Flea. the hypopial stage of the family Tyroglyphidae. It is the first time I think than an Acarina has been reported from the Siphonap tera. Unfortunately the mite was not carefully studied while alive, and after mounting it was found difficult to make out its anatomj^. Its size is .210 x .130 mm. There is a demarkation between the cephalothorax and abdomen. The mouth parts are re- tracted and very indistinct There are four pairs of legs, the two anterior and the two posterior being widely separated. The first and second legs terminate in a hook, as does also probably the third. The tarsal joint of the last leg has a long hair. Some of the segments of this and the other legs also contain a few hairs. Ventrally towards the end of the abdo- men are five discs, which probably serve as sucking discs. May, '09] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 217 The Late Professor Slingerland.''" BY J. H. COMSTOCK. Mark Vernon Slingerland, Assistant Professor of Economic Entomology in Cornell University, died of Bright' s disease at his home in Ithaca, March loth. His health had been failing for some time, but to most of his friends his death was unex- pected. Professor Sliugerland was born in Otto, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., on October 3, 1864. He was a son of Jacob A. and Mary (Ballard) Slingerland. He was educated in the Otto village school and in the Chamberlain Institute at Randolph, N. Y. In 1887 he entered Cornell, and in 1892 he was gradu- ated with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture. He obtained special mention for special study with marked proficiency in Entomology during the last two years of his course. From 1890 till 1904 he was assistant entomologist in the Agricultural Experiment Station, and" in 1899 he was appointed Assistant Professor of Economic Entomology. Professor Sliugerland was a member of the Holland Society of New York ; the American Association of Economic Ento- mologists (of which he was president in 1903) ; the Entomo- logical Association of Washington ; the National Mosquito Extermination Society, and the Society of Sigma Xi (Vice- President of the Cornell Chapter in 1903 and 1904), and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Professor Slingerland married in 1891 Miss Effie B. Earll, who was a special student in the University in 1889-91. She survives him, with one daughter. Although Professor Slingerland has barely reached middle life, he was recognized as being one of the foremost workers in economic entomology, and had attained an international reputation. He was a prolific writer ; he had publishe